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System architectures based on functionality offloading
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System architectures based on functionality offloading
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Bohra
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Aniruddha
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Aniruddha Bohra
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Advisory Committee
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Bianchini
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Ricardo Bianchini
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Martin
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Richard
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Richard Martin
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Nieh
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Jason
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Jason Nieh
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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theses
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2008
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2008-01
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English
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electronic
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xi, 155 pages
Abstract
Offloading to hardware components that support the primary task of a system enables separation of concerns and allows both the primary and offloaded components of a system to be easy to understand, manage, and evolve independent of other components.
In this dissertation, we explore the software mechanisms required to effectively offload functionality to idle processing elements. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of three system architectures -- TCPServers, Orion, and FileWall, which offload functionality for improving performance
(TCPServers), improving availability (Orion), and for extending functionality (FileWall). We explore software mechanisms to offload functionality to a subset of processors in an Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) system, a programmable
network interface, and an interposing network middlebox to realize the three system architectures.
TCPServers is a system architecture that offloads network processing to a subset of processors in an SMP system. Network processing imposes direct and indirect overheads on server systems. It directly affects system performance since it executes at a higher priority than application tasks and prevents other components of the system from executing simultaneously on the processors. It
indirectly affects performance by causing cache pollution and Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) flushes, which lead to degraded memory system performance. Through offloading, TCPServers isolates the network processing
and eliminates the direct overheads. We also present mechanisms for increasing network stack concurrency and connection scheduling, which significantly improve the performance in a multi-threaded network stack.
Orion is a system architecture that enables Remote Healing, where the monitoring and healing actions are performed externally, by offloading such functionality to external hardware. Fine grained monitoring of computer systems for performance anomalies, intrusion detection, and failure detection imposes
significant overhead on the target system. Performance critical systems, where such fine grained monitoring is essential, cannot be subjected to these overheads. Orion offloads the healing functionality to a programmable network interface, which provides an alternate path to the memory of the target system.
Using Orion, monitoring and healing actions can be performed nonintrusively, without involving the processors of the target system. We present the design and implementation of mechanisms for remote monitoring and remote repair of damaged OS state using Orion.
FileWall is a system architecture that enables extension of network file system functionality. Network file system evolution is constrained by the tight binding between clients and servers. This binding limits the evolution of file system
protocols and hinders deployment of file system or protocol extensions. For example, current network file systems have limited support for implementing file access policies. We propose message transformation as a mechanism to
separate the client and server systems for protocol enhancement. FileWall offloads message transformation and policy enforcement to an interposing network element on the client-server path. We have used FileWall to implement file access policies and present experimental results showing policy enforcement at FileWall imposes minimal overheads on the base file system protocol.
The main conclusion of our research is that system architectures based on functionality offloading can be realized simply and effectively through efficient software mechanisms, using only commodity off the shelf hardware. With the
availability of resources at idle processing cores in a multiprocessor system, intelligent peripherals, and unused nodes in a cluster, offloading is a practical solution for improving performance and introducing new functionality in computer systems and networks.
In this dissertation, we explore the software mechanisms required to effectively offload functionality to idle processing elements. We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of three system architectures -- TCPServers, Orion, and FileWall, which offload functionality for improving performance
(TCPServers), improving availability (Orion), and for extending functionality (FileWall). We explore software mechanisms to offload functionality to a subset of processors in an Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) system, a programmable
network interface, and an interposing network middlebox to realize the three system architectures.
TCPServers is a system architecture that offloads network processing to a subset of processors in an SMP system. Network processing imposes direct and indirect overheads on server systems. It directly affects system performance since it executes at a higher priority than application tasks and prevents other components of the system from executing simultaneously on the processors. It
indirectly affects performance by causing cache pollution and Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) flushes, which lead to degraded memory system performance. Through offloading, TCPServers isolates the network processing
and eliminates the direct overheads. We also present mechanisms for increasing network stack concurrency and connection scheduling, which significantly improve the performance in a multi-threaded network stack.
Orion is a system architecture that enables Remote Healing, where the monitoring and healing actions are performed externally, by offloading such functionality to external hardware. Fine grained monitoring of computer systems for performance anomalies, intrusion detection, and failure detection imposes
significant overhead on the target system. Performance critical systems, where such fine grained monitoring is essential, cannot be subjected to these overheads. Orion offloads the healing functionality to a programmable network interface, which provides an alternate path to the memory of the target system.
Using Orion, monitoring and healing actions can be performed nonintrusively, without involving the processors of the target system. We present the design and implementation of mechanisms for remote monitoring and remote repair of damaged OS state using Orion.
FileWall is a system architecture that enables extension of network file system functionality. Network file system evolution is constrained by the tight binding between clients and servers. This binding limits the evolution of file system
protocols and hinders deployment of file system or protocol extensions. For example, current network file systems have limited support for implementing file access policies. We propose message transformation as a mechanism to
separate the client and server systems for protocol enhancement. FileWall offloads message transformation and policy enforcement to an interposing network element on the client-server path. We have used FileWall to implement file access policies and present experimental results showing policy enforcement at FileWall imposes minimal overheads on the base file system protocol.
The main conclusion of our research is that system architectures based on functionality offloading can be realized simply and effectively through efficient software mechanisms, using only commodity off the shelf hardware. With the
availability of resources at idle processing cores in a multiprocessor system, intelligent peripherals, and unused nodes in a cluster, offloading is a practical solution for improving performance and introducing new functionality in computer systems and networks.
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-153).
Subject
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Computer Science
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System design
Subject
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Computer network architectures
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD doctoral
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Aniruddha Bohra
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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