DescriptionAnti-Semitism is resurgent throughout much of the world. A new theoretical model of anti-Semitism is presented and tested in three experiments. The New Anti-Semitism Israel (NASI) model proposes that mortality salience increases anti-Semitism and that anti-Semitism often manifests as hostility towards Israel. Study 1 showed that mortality salience led to greater levels of anti-Semitism and higher levels of delegitimization toward Israel. This effect occurred only in a bogus pipeline condition for anti-Semitism, indicating that social desirability masks hostility towards Jews, but not for delegitimization toward Israel. Study 2 showed that mortality salience in conjunction with a bogus pipeline manipulation increased perceived justification for offensive political cartoons of Israel but not China. In Study 3 mortality salience was sufficient to increase anti-Semitism when the anti-Semitism scale was integrated in a general assessment questionnaire. Collectively, results suggest that Jews constitute a unique cultural threat to many people's worldviews, and that anti-Semitism and hostility to Israel are related.