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Historical legacies, competition and dispersal control patterns of invasion by a non-native grass, Microstegium vimineum Trin. (A. Camus)
Descriptive
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Title
Historical legacies, competition and dispersal control patterns of invasion by a non-native grass, Microstegium vimineum Trin. (A. Camus)
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Schramm
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Jonathon William
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Jonathon William Schramm
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author
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Ehrenfeld
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Joan
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Advisory Committee
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Joan G. Ehrenfeld
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chair
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Lathrop
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Rick
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Advisory Committee
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Rick Lathrop
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internal member
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Holzapfel
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Claus
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Advisory Committee
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Claus Holzapfel
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internal member
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Mortensen
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David
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Advisory Committee
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David Mortensen
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outside member
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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theses
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2008
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2008-05
Language
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English
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electronic
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application/pdf
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text/xml
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ix, 160 pages
Abstract
Biological invasions can be controlled by a number of factors, and the importance of these factors for individual species can change depending on the spatial scale under consideration. Furthermore, the long-term legacies of past land use may be among the major factors structuring contemporary communities. This study was designed to merge these two lines of thought by observing the processes influencing invasion success of an exotic grass species, Microstegium vimineum. Plots within twenty hardwood forest stands of different ages (40 years old to [greater than] 100 years) were surveyed in central New Jersey for the presence and abundance of this species, and the data was analyzed using simple, multiple linear and logistic regressions, as well as regression trees. At the stand scale, M. vimineum abundance was influenced by age, slope, shrub cover and forest connectivity, with far more predictable responses in younger stands than in old. On the plot scale, forest age and prior use were again the dominant influences on abundance of the invasive. Invasion in old forests was most promoted by thinner canopy cover, while younger stands were most influenced by soil type and distance to forest edge. Further studies along dispersal corridors (streams and trails) in these stands consistently showed more invasion in younger stands than older, but also found the intensity of invasion to be higher along such corridors than through areas without them. Observation of isolated patches confirmed that seed dispersal is mostly short-range without dispersal conduits, with most seeds germinating less than a meter from their parent patch boundaries. Finally, an experimental study of the role of understory shrub cover and litter depth on seed germination and seedling growth showed that shade from shrubs strongly limits survival and growth. Seeds also need to be in contact with mineral soil to establish, but otherwise litter depth does not influence growth. These studies demonstrate that the establishment and spread of this invasive species is affected by complex hierarchies of factors that differ in stands with different land use histories. Land managers can use these differences to design targeted control programs that are more effective and stand-specific.
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-159).
Subject
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Topic
Ecology and Evolution
Subject
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Topic
Invasive plants
Subject
(ID = SUBJ3);
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Topic
Grasses
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Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17387
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ETD_984
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NjNbRU
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T31G0MMR
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Jonathon Schramm
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Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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