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Evolution of Colletotrichum species inhabiting grasses in diverse ecosystems
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Evolution of Colletotrichum species inhabiting grasses in diverse ecosystems
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Crouch
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Jo Anne
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Jo Anne Crouch
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author
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Hillman
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Bradley
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Advisory Committee
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Bradley I Hillman
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chair
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Clarke
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Bruce
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Bruce B Clarke
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co-chair
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Bennett
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Joan
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Advisory Committee
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Joan W Bennett
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Oudemans
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Peter
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Advisory Committee
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Peter V Oudemans
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internal member
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Kjer
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Karl
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Advisory Committee
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Karl M Kjer
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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theses
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2008
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2008-05
Language
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English
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electronic
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xxiii, 347 pages
Abstract
Fungi in the genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens, afflicting over 900 plant species worldwide, including numerous grasses and cereal crops. In this dissertation I reconstruct the evolution of grass-inhabiting Colletotrichum and relate it to pathogenicity. I have undertaken this research to (1) understand how graminicolous Colletotrichum were shaped by evolutionary processes such as population divergence, gene flow, mutation, recombination and speciation; and (2) evaluate whether the lifestyles of these fungi can be correlated with genotypic or genomic signatures, life history or ecological adaptations. These broad objectives were centered on the application-based model of C. cereale, a recently emerged pathogen of the golf course turfgrasses. Novel tools, including sequence-based markers from four protein coding genes and five transposon species, transposon RFLPs, and microsatellite markers were developed and deployed. Although ITS sequences are currently the most common method of classifying Colletrichum species, this research highlighted the potential inaccuracy of ITS-based classification. The unreliability of 47% of Colletotrichum ITS sequences from public databases suggested a proliferation of compromised species identifications. Comparison with multilocus phylogenies showed Colletotrichum ITS data are insufficient for the task of taxonomic resolution. In addition, these studies demonstrated traditional classification tools (i.e., morphology and host range) are subject to convergent evolution. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed that graminicolous Colletotrichum underwent a prominent historical split, separating cool-season grass-associated taxa from lineages inhabiting warm-season grasses. Eight novel Colletotrichum species were identified and described; two species were emended. C. cereale populations were found in native grasses, cereal crops and turfgrass environments, but disease was limited to turfgrass. Genotypic data, along with the detection of the meiosis-specific repeat-induced point mutation process provided evidence of recombination in C. cereale, a fungus long presumed asexual. Extreme differentiation between locally-adapted populations indicated that asymptomatic grasses are unlikely reservoirs of infectious disease propagules that could initiate disease in turf. But gene flow from the generalist C. cereale founder population and specialized genotypes provides an indirect pathway for genetic exchange between otherwise isolated populations. Together, these studies contribute substantially to the growing number of genomic resources available for this increasingly important evolutionary research system.
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references.
Subject
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Topic
Plant Biology
Subject
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Topic
Colletotrichum
Subject
(ID = SUBJ3);
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Topic
Grasses--Diseases and pests
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17409
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ETD_946
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Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T3R49R4M
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
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Copyright protected
Availability
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Open
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Name
Jo Anne Crouch
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Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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