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Growth and interaction of gold on the faceted rhenium (12-31) surface
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Title
Growth and interaction of gold on the faceted rhenium (12-31) surface
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Baier
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Robert Christoph Wolfgang
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Robert Christoph Wolfgang Baier
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Madey
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Theodore
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Advisory Committee
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Theodore E. Madey
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Garfunkel
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Erik
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Advisory Committee
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Erik L. Garfunkel
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internal member
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Bartynski
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Robert
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Advisory Committee
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Robert A. Bartynski
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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theses
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2008
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2008-10
Language
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English
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electronic
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Extent
ix, 85 pages
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts are a field of major interest is in surface science. The development of new supported model catalysts with a narrow size distribution is a central aspect of this research. One possibility to create narrow size distributions is the use of faceted surface structures as self assembled templates on which to grow metal nanoclusters. In this thesis, a faceted rhenium single crystal is used as a template for gold growth;mthe facets were induced by oxygen. The orientation of the planar rhenium crystal is (12-31), whereby the facets consist of two sided ridges with (11-21) and (01-10) orientations. The way of growth and the infuence of gold on the faceted rhenium crystal is studied by means of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Also, the infuence of gold on a planar Re (12-31) surface is studied.
It was found that gold grows in Volmer-Weber growth mode on the faceted rhenium substrate. For coverages of 0.4 ML and 0.8 ML gold formed 2D islands on top of the ridges, whereby for 1.4 ML coverage 3D islands were observed. Annealing of the gold covered surface structure led to drastic changes in the surfaces morphology. After the first annealing to a temperature of approximately 870 K for approximately 30 minutes gold atoms wet the rhenium template. Further annealing of the surface led to the development of a three sided pyramidal structure; the orientation of the pyramids still contains the orientation of the original two sided ridges. Continued annealing to temperatures of approximately 970 K developed a totally new surface structure. Two sided ridges were found again on the surface, but with a different orientation and shape than the original template structure. Finally, after annealing above 1200 K, all surface structures were destroyed and gold was desorbed from the surface. The morphological change is attributed to gold induced faceting on the oxygen induced surface structure.
The pyramid structure was examined more detailed. Thereby a coverage dependency in the development of the facets was found. For 0.4 ML one of the pyramids sides is underdeveloped. For 0.8 ML and 1.4 ML all sides of the pyramids structure were fully developed; small destruction of the pyramids for 1.4 ML coverage is attributed to beginning destruction of the original oxygen induced ridges. The orientations of the pyramids facets were determined as (0-110), (11-20) and (12-32). Analysis of the facets atomic structure
led to the suspicion, that the (1232) facet is covered with a gold overlayer whereas the (0110) facet is not covered with gold.
Also the influence of gold on planar Re (1231) was examined. After annealing of the gold covered planar crystal (Coverage: 0.8 ML) two sided ridges were found on the surface. The orientation of this ridges was rotated by around 90° with respect to the oxygen induced ridges. It is believed that gold has the ability to induce faceting on the planar Re (12-31) surface.
Keywords: adsorbate-induced faceting, oxygen-induced faceting, gold-induced faceting, rhenium, gold, oxygen, two sided ridges, three-sided pyramids
It was found that gold grows in Volmer-Weber growth mode on the faceted rhenium substrate. For coverages of 0.4 ML and 0.8 ML gold formed 2D islands on top of the ridges, whereby for 1.4 ML coverage 3D islands were observed. Annealing of the gold covered surface structure led to drastic changes in the surfaces morphology. After the first annealing to a temperature of approximately 870 K for approximately 30 minutes gold atoms wet the rhenium template. Further annealing of the surface led to the development of a three sided pyramidal structure; the orientation of the pyramids still contains the orientation of the original two sided ridges. Continued annealing to temperatures of approximately 970 K developed a totally new surface structure. Two sided ridges were found again on the surface, but with a different orientation and shape than the original template structure. Finally, after annealing above 1200 K, all surface structures were destroyed and gold was desorbed from the surface. The morphological change is attributed to gold induced faceting on the oxygen induced surface structure.
The pyramid structure was examined more detailed. Thereby a coverage dependency in the development of the facets was found. For 0.4 ML one of the pyramids sides is underdeveloped. For 0.8 ML and 1.4 ML all sides of the pyramids structure were fully developed; small destruction of the pyramids for 1.4 ML coverage is attributed to beginning destruction of the original oxygen induced ridges. The orientations of the pyramids facets were determined as (0-110), (11-20) and (12-32). Analysis of the facets atomic structure
led to the suspicion, that the (1232) facet is covered with a gold overlayer whereas the (0110) facet is not covered with gold.
Also the influence of gold on planar Re (1231) was examined. After annealing of the gold covered planar crystal (Coverage: 0.8 ML) two sided ridges were found on the surface. The orientation of this ridges was rotated by around 90° with respect to the oxygen induced ridges. It is believed that gold has the ability to induce faceting on the planar Re (12-31) surface.
Keywords: adsorbate-induced faceting, oxygen-induced faceting, gold-induced faceting, rhenium, gold, oxygen, two sided ridges, three-sided pyramids
Note
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M.S.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84).
Subject
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Topic
Physics and Astronomy
Subject
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Topic
Gold
Subject
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Topic
Rhenium
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17430
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ETD_1177
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doi:10.7282/T3PC32P1
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ETD graduate
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Robert Baier
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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