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Evolution and systematics of the angiosperm order Gentianales with an in-depth focus on Loganiaceae and its species-rich and toxic genus Strychnos
Descriptive
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Evolution and systematics of the angiosperm order Gentianales with an in-depth focus on Loganiaceae and its species-rich and toxic genus Strychnos
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Frasier
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Cynthia L.
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Cynthia L. Frasier
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author
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Struwe
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Lena
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Advisory Committee
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Lena Struwe
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chair
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White
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James
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Advisory Committee
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James White
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internal member
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Messing
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Joachim
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Advisory Committee
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Joachim Messing
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internal member
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Motley
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Timothy
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Advisory Committee
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Timothy Motley
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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theses
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2008
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2008-10
Language
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English
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electronic
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vii, 124 pages
Abstract
The Gentianales includes five families known for their horticultural value and medicinal effects: Apocynaceae (milkweeds and rosy periwinkle), Gelsemiaceae (Carolina jessamine), Gentianaceae (gentians), Loganiaceae (strychnine plants), and Rubiaceae (coffee and quinine). They are a monophyletic assemblage, but the relationships between the families have been uncertain. The Loganiaceae are a mostly pantropical group with a few members reaching into temperate North America and Australia. This family includes 15 genera that have been divided into four tribes, one of which, Strychneae, was paraphyletic in previous analyses based on chloroplast and morphological data. Strychnos is the largest genus in Loganiaceae with approximately 200 species distributed throughout the tropics. This genus is well-known for its alkaloid production, in particular that of strychnine. Although strychnine has been popularized for its potential nefarious uses, many Strychnos species have been lauded for their medicinal properties conferred by other compounds. Strychnos was divided into 12 sections based on morphology, but the monophyly of these was in doubt as the sections were morphologically, chemically, and anatomically heterogenous. Combined analyses of four chloroplast regions, matK, ndhF, rbcL, and trnL, placed Rubiaceae as the most basal family in the Loganiaceae. Loganiaceae and Gelsemiaceae were the two subsequently diverging clades, and Apocynaceae and Gentianaceae were sisters in the most nested position. Within the Loganiaceae, tribe Antonieae was basal to all other tribes. Strychneae was resolved as monophyletic only when morphology was included in a combined analysis with a nuclear ribosomal gene region (ITS) and rps16 of the chloroplast genome. An analysis of the secondary structure of the ITS region resulted in possible new synapomorphies for tribes Antonieae and Spigelieae within the Loganiaceae. The current sectional treatment of Strychnos does not reflect the evolution of the genus, and recommendations for improving the classification will be made. This work will have large implications for the understanding of chemical and morphological evolution on ordinal, familial, and tribal levels in the Gentianales, and provides a framework for further studies in biogeography, habit evolution, and speciation processes.
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references.
Subject
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Topic
Plant Biology
Subject
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Topic
Loganiaceae
Subject
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Topic
Strychnos
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17473
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ETD_1286
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doi:10.7282/T3V69JX2
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ETD doctoral
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Open
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Cynthia Frasier
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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