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Land-atmosphere exchange of mercury in temperate wetlands
Descriptive
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Title
Land-atmosphere exchange of mercury in temperate wetlands
Name
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Smith
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Lora M.
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Lora M. Smith
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author
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Reinfelder
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John
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Advisory Committee
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John Reinfelder
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chair
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Rodenburg
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Lisa
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Advisory Committee
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Lisa Rodenburg
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internal member
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Yee
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Nathan
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Advisory Committee
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Nathan Yee
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internal member
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Peters
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Steve
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Advisory Committee
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Steve Peters
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outside member
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
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theses
OriginInfo
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2008
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2008-10
Language
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English
PhysicalDescription
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electronic
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Extent
xiv, 180 pages
Abstract
Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) cycling in temperate wetlands was evaluated by performing an atmospheric deposition study in addition to in situ micrometeorological and laboratory dynamic flux chamber experiments examining New Jersey salt marsh sediments.
Mercury wet deposition was measured at an urban/suburban site in eastern central New Jersey (New Brunswick) and at a rural site in northwestern New Jersey (Belvidere). Volume-weighted mean mercury concentrations in precipitation were greater in New Brunswick (11 ng L-1) than Belvidere (8.6 ng L-1) and exhibited seasonality with highest concentrations in the summer. Over a seven year period (1999-2002 from Zhuang 2004, plus 2003-2006 from this study), mercury concentrations in New Brunswick precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.2 µg m-2 y-1, while over a three year period (2002-2005) in Belvidere, mercury concentrations were constant. Annual wet deposition fluxes for New Brunswick and Belvidere were 12 and 11 µg m-2 y-1 respectively, similar to previous estimates for New Jersey. No patterns were observed between Hg and other analyzed trace metals. Meteorological conditions also did not correlate, indicating local and regional sources.
In situ estimates of sediment-air mercury volatilization fluxes were an order of magnitude higher at the Secaucus High School Marsh (-375 to +677 ng m-2 h-1) than at the Great Bay estuary (-34 to +81 ng m-2 h-1). Mercury volatilization fluxes were positively correlated with solar radiation at the Great Bay estuary but only on one out of six sampling days in Secaucus, potentially a result of tides. Areally averaged annual mercury emissions from Secaucus (0.06 kg y-1) are much lower than those from industrial sources in New Jersey, but preliminary scaling up of mercury emissions estimated for the much larger Great Bay estuary (13 kg y-1) indicate that it is comparable to minor industrial sources in the State.
Laboratory flux chamber experiments showed that photochemistry is more important in sediment-air mercury volatilization than other physicochemical sediment characteristics. In the light, mercury flux from sediments was up to 50 times larger than in the dark, with the greatest emissions observed during visible + UV treatments, as observed in the natural environment.
Mercury wet deposition was measured at an urban/suburban site in eastern central New Jersey (New Brunswick) and at a rural site in northwestern New Jersey (Belvidere). Volume-weighted mean mercury concentrations in precipitation were greater in New Brunswick (11 ng L-1) than Belvidere (8.6 ng L-1) and exhibited seasonality with highest concentrations in the summer. Over a seven year period (1999-2002 from Zhuang 2004, plus 2003-2006 from this study), mercury concentrations in New Brunswick precipitation decreased at a rate of 0.2 µg m-2 y-1, while over a three year period (2002-2005) in Belvidere, mercury concentrations were constant. Annual wet deposition fluxes for New Brunswick and Belvidere were 12 and 11 µg m-2 y-1 respectively, similar to previous estimates for New Jersey. No patterns were observed between Hg and other analyzed trace metals. Meteorological conditions also did not correlate, indicating local and regional sources.
In situ estimates of sediment-air mercury volatilization fluxes were an order of magnitude higher at the Secaucus High School Marsh (-375 to +677 ng m-2 h-1) than at the Great Bay estuary (-34 to +81 ng m-2 h-1). Mercury volatilization fluxes were positively correlated with solar radiation at the Great Bay estuary but only on one out of six sampling days in Secaucus, potentially a result of tides. Areally averaged annual mercury emissions from Secaucus (0.06 kg y-1) are much lower than those from industrial sources in New Jersey, but preliminary scaling up of mercury emissions estimated for the much larger Great Bay estuary (13 kg y-1) indicate that it is comparable to minor industrial sources in the State.
Laboratory flux chamber experiments showed that photochemistry is more important in sediment-air mercury volatilization than other physicochemical sediment characteristics. In the light, mercury flux from sediments was up to 50 times larger than in the dark, with the greatest emissions observed during visible + UV treatments, as observed in the natural environment.
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references.
Subject
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Topic
Environmental Sciences
Subject
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Topic
Mercury--Environmental aspects
Subject
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Topic
Wetlands
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17570
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ETD_1074
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Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T3GF0TS5
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ETD doctoral
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Name
Lora Smith
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Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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