RUcore: Rutgers University Community Repository
Bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa wells et al. and its potential insect vectors in pin and red oaks in central New Jersey
Descriptive
TypeOfResource
Text
TitleInfo
Title
Bacterial leaf scorch Xylella fastidiosa wells et al. and its potential insect vectors in pin and red oaks in central New Jersey
Identifier
ETD_1149
Identifier
(type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000050483
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T3TX3FPB
Language
LanguageTerm
(authority = ISO 639-3:2007);
(type = text)
English
Genre
(authority = marcgt)
theses
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Entomology
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Bacterial diseases of plants--New Jersey
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Phytopathogenic bacteria
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Pin oak--Diseases and pests--New Jersey
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Red oak--Diseases and pests--New Jersey
Subject
HierarchicalGeographic
Country
UNITED STATES
State
New Jersey
Abstract
The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and its potential insect vectors were studied in central New Jersey. Eighteen X. fastidiosa isolates were obtained from symptomatic oaks; one isolate from the treehopper Ophiderma definita. The New Jersey X. fastidiosa strain shared high levels of nucleotide sequence identity (87-99%) with other known strains in the NCBI database. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S-23S intergenic spacer region rRNA revealed that the New Jersey strain is X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex closely related to isolates from oak, plum, porcelain berry, wild grape, peach, and sycamore.
Xylem feeding insects were monitored in oak canopies using yellow sticky traps and fogging techniques. Thirty-seven Cicadomorpha (Order Hemiptera) insect species were collected from oak canopies. Of the 12,880 xylophages collected, 91.40% were membracids, 6.93% were cicadellids, and 1.67% were spittlebugs. More insect species and individuals were collected using fogging compared to sticky card collections. Sticky card sampling in more locations over long periods provided similar insect species numbers as fogging. Ophiderma definita comprised 68.18% of the total insects collected and peaked in early June. Sticky card collections of O. definita were male biased when females were gravid. Ophiderma definita was more abundant in pin oaks than red oaks. The sharpshooter Graphocephala versuta comprised 6.2% of the total collection and peaked in mid-July. More xylophages were collected in the asymptomatic than in symptomatic oak canopies.
The X. fastidiosa DNA was detected in 21 xylophage species throughout the summer. The nucleotide sequences obtained from insects were identical to those obtained from host oaks. Fourteen percent (13.89%) of the 1618 insect specimens tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa. Eleven percent (11.03%) of 934 membracids tested positive for X. fastidiosa: Enchenopa binota, Archasia belfragei, Cyrtolobus discoidalis, C. fenestratus, Glossonotus acuminatus, Microcentrus perditus, Ophiderma definita, Similia fasciata, Telamona extrema, T. monticola, and T. tiliae. Nineteen percent (18.79%) of 490 Cicadellidae insects tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa: Aulacizes irrorata, G. versuta, G. coccinea, Draeculacephala anguifera, D. portola, and Oncometaopia orbona. Fifteen percent (15.08%) of 194 spittlebugs tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa: Aphrophora quadrinotata, Clastoptera obtuse, Philaenus pallidus, and P. spumarius.
Xylem feeding insects were monitored in oak canopies using yellow sticky traps and fogging techniques. Thirty-seven Cicadomorpha (Order Hemiptera) insect species were collected from oak canopies. Of the 12,880 xylophages collected, 91.40% were membracids, 6.93% were cicadellids, and 1.67% were spittlebugs. More insect species and individuals were collected using fogging compared to sticky card collections. Sticky card sampling in more locations over long periods provided similar insect species numbers as fogging. Ophiderma definita comprised 68.18% of the total insects collected and peaked in early June. Sticky card collections of O. definita were male biased when females were gravid. Ophiderma definita was more abundant in pin oaks than red oaks. The sharpshooter Graphocephala versuta comprised 6.2% of the total collection and peaked in mid-July. More xylophages were collected in the asymptomatic than in symptomatic oak canopies.
The X. fastidiosa DNA was detected in 21 xylophage species throughout the summer. The nucleotide sequences obtained from insects were identical to those obtained from host oaks. Fourteen percent (13.89%) of the 1618 insect specimens tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa. Eleven percent (11.03%) of 934 membracids tested positive for X. fastidiosa: Enchenopa binota, Archasia belfragei, Cyrtolobus discoidalis, C. fenestratus, Glossonotus acuminatus, Microcentrus perditus, Ophiderma definita, Similia fasciata, Telamona extrema, T. monticola, and T. tiliae. Nineteen percent (18.79%) of 490 Cicadellidae insects tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa: Aulacizes irrorata, G. versuta, G. coccinea, Draeculacephala anguifera, D. portola, and Oncometaopia orbona. Fifteen percent (15.08%) of 194 spittlebugs tested DNA positive for X. fastidiosa: Aphrophora quadrinotata, Clastoptera obtuse, Philaenus pallidus, and P. spumarius.
PhysicalDescription
Extent
xiv, 173 p. : ill.
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-139)
Note
(type = statement of responsibility)
by Jianxin Zhang
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Zhang
NamePart
(type = given)
Jianxin
NamePart
(type = date)
1958
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
author
DisplayForm
Jianxin Zhang
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Lashomb
NamePart
(type = given)
James
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
chair
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
James H. Lashomb
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Hamilton
NamePart
(type = given)
George
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
George C. Hamilton
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Kjer
NamePart
(type = given)
Karl
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
Karl Kjer
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Gould
NamePart
(type = given)
Ann
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
outside member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
Ann B. Gould
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
school
OriginInfo
DateCreated
(qualifier = exact)
2008
DateOther
(qualifier = exact);
(type = degree)
2008-10
Place
PlaceTerm
(type = code)
xx
Location
PhysicalLocation
(authority = marcorg)
NjNbRU
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = RULIB)
ETD
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = local)
rucore19991600001
Subject
(authority = lcsh/lcnaf)
Geographic
New Jersey
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
Back to the top
Rights
RightsDeclaration
(AUTHORITY = GS);
(ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Notice
Note
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
Note
RightsHolder
(ID = PRH-1);
(type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Zhang
GivenName
Jianxin
Role
Copyright holder
RightsEvent
(AUTHORITY = rulib);
(ID = RE-1)
Type
Permission or license
Label
Place
DateTime
Detail
AssociatedEntity
(AUTHORITY = rulib);
(ID = AE-1)
Role
Copyright holder
Name
Jianxin Zhang
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
AssociatedObject
(AUTHORITY = rulib);
(ID = AO-1)
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Back to the top
Technical
ContentModel
ETD
MimeType
(TYPE = file)
application/pdf
MimeType
(TYPE = container)
application/x-tar
FileSize
(UNIT = bytes)
2805760
Checksum
(METHOD = SHA1)
6048b5643819fccad0ac4d007116806f275044e5
Back to the top
Statistical Profile