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Tocopherol stability in controlled release packaging films
Descriptive
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Text
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Title
Tocopherol stability in controlled release packaging films
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ETD_1427
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051028
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eng
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theses
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Topic
Food Science
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Controlled release technology
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Food--Packaging
Abstract
Increasing the shelf-life of packaged foods is of great interest to the food science community. Controlled release packaging (CRP) materials have been developed that are capable of releasing protective compounds (antioxidants, antimicrobials) into the food at rates suitable for long term protection. While the technical challenges of development have been met, FDA approval must be granted before these materials can be used commercially. One critical step in the FDA approval process for food contact materials is to ensure that no toxic products are formed during processing, and that sufficient levels of the added compound are retained to provide the stated functionality.
Tocopherol was chosen as an active compound for incorporation into CRP films as it is a natural, potent antioxidant with positive consumer recognition as Vitamin E. It has been used at low levels as a polymer stabilizer, with no problematic degradation reported. Tocopherol containing films were produced by cast film extrusion of LDPE, PP and a 50:50 blend of these polymers. Multiple extrusion conditions were chosen within standard processing parameters to apply varying degrees of thermal and mechanical stress on the polymer melt. Resulting films were analyzed for their physical properties, recoverable tocopherol, volatile and non-volatile degradation products, as well as antioxidant activity assays.
This study showed that tocopherol recovery is high (92-100%) for all polymer compositions and processing methods, but greatest loss was seen in PP films subjected to high shear. GC-MS analysis shows only polymer additives, with no volatile degradation products formed from tocopherol. A reduction in the level of polymer volatiles was also noted. Analysis by LC-MS has provided tentative identification of two tocopherol dimers and tocoquinone, all previously documented degradation products of tocopherol. Little variation was observed between different processing methods. Antioxidant assays demonstrate that extracts from the tocopherol containing films exhibit as much, or greater antioxidant activity as unprocessed mixed tocopherols.
While further work remains to confirm the identities of the products identified and provide accurate quantification, this research supports the safety and antioxidant effectiveness of tocopherol containing extruded polymer films.
Tocopherol was chosen as an active compound for incorporation into CRP films as it is a natural, potent antioxidant with positive consumer recognition as Vitamin E. It has been used at low levels as a polymer stabilizer, with no problematic degradation reported. Tocopherol containing films were produced by cast film extrusion of LDPE, PP and a 50:50 blend of these polymers. Multiple extrusion conditions were chosen within standard processing parameters to apply varying degrees of thermal and mechanical stress on the polymer melt. Resulting films were analyzed for their physical properties, recoverable tocopherol, volatile and non-volatile degradation products, as well as antioxidant activity assays.
This study showed that tocopherol recovery is high (92-100%) for all polymer compositions and processing methods, but greatest loss was seen in PP films subjected to high shear. GC-MS analysis shows only polymer additives, with no volatile degradation products formed from tocopherol. A reduction in the level of polymer volatiles was also noted. Analysis by LC-MS has provided tentative identification of two tocopherol dimers and tocoquinone, all previously documented degradation products of tocopherol. Little variation was observed between different processing methods. Antioxidant assays demonstrate that extracts from the tocopherol containing films exhibit as much, or greater antioxidant activity as unprocessed mixed tocopherols.
While further work remains to confirm the identities of the products identified and provide accurate quantification, this research supports the safety and antioxidant effectiveness of tocopherol containing extruded polymer films.
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electronic resource
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xx, 196 p. : ill.
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M.S.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-195)
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by Jillian C. Lang
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Lang
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Jillian C.
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Jillian C. Lang
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Schaich
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Karen
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Karen M. Schaich
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Yam
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Kit
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Kit L. Yam
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Hartman
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Thomas
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Thomas G. Hartman
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-01
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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doi:10.7282/T3G44QHR
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ETD graduate
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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