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Tracking deep-water flow on Eirik drift over the past 160 kyr
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Text
TitleInfo
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Title
Tracking deep-water flow on Eirik drift over the past 160 kyr
SubTitle
linking deep-water changes to freshwater fluxes
TitleInfo
(ID = T-2);
(type = alternative)
Title
Linking deep-water changes to freshwater fluxes
Identifier
ETD_1510
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051018
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Geological Sciences
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Ocean circulation--North Atlantic Ocean
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Fresh water--Arctic regions
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Paleontology--Holocene
Subject
(ID = SBJ-5);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Paleoceanography--Holocene
Subject
(ID = SBJ-6);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Paleoclimatology--Holocene
Subject
(ID = SBJ-7);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Submarine geology
Abstract
This dissertation uses surface and deep ocean proxies to understand changes in North Atlantic deep-water production associated with periods of increased freshwater input throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Coring sites on Eirik Drift have long-term sedimentation rates exceeding 15 cm/kyr., allowing for paleoceanographic reconstructions on Milankovitch and millennial time scales.
The transition from glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water (gNAIW) of marine isotope chron (MIC) 2 to North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) during the Holocene is examined in Chapter 1. Early Holocene (9000-10,500 ka), sedimentation rates in core 21GGC (3471 m) are >100 cm/kyr., indicating gNAIW winnowed upstream glacial sediments, depositing at 21GGC. Enhanced sediment deposition persisted until ~9ka when long-term rates leveled off at 40 cm/kyr., indicating NADW density had stabilized. From 8.6 to 8.2 ka, catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz poured freshwater into the North Atlantic disrupting deep-ocean circulation.
Chapter 2 focuses on the past 160 kyr at Site 1306 (2272 m) on the Eirik Drift where highest sedimentation rates occurred during MIC 2- 5d. Mean sortable silt (SS) and ?18O of N. pachyderma (s) are inversely related during this interval, indicating that changes in surface conditions above the Eirik Drift are propagated into the deep ocean. During the past 40 kyr., SS decreases are concomitant with instances of surface ocean freshening. These intervals correlate with Heinrich Events, suggesting that massive ice flows released
from the continents altered deep ocean circulation.
The final chapter examines deep-ocean response during Terminations 1 and 2. Higher insolation forcing across Termination 2 is postulated to promote rapid melting of continental glaciers, leaving little opportunity for continental storage of freshwater. Conversely, lower insolation across Termination 1 allowed continental ice to linger, allowing for the routing and rapid release of freshwater creating abrupt climate reversals (H1, YD and 8.2 kyr Event). Deep-ocean circulation during MIC 5e loses buoyancy in a fashion similar to the Holocene; however, maximum flow velocities are curtailed for ~7 kyr after the onset of interglacial conditions. This lag is best explained by the melting of Greenland into areas of NCW convection due to increased insolation forcing.
The transition from glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water (gNAIW) of marine isotope chron (MIC) 2 to North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) during the Holocene is examined in Chapter 1. Early Holocene (9000-10,500 ka), sedimentation rates in core 21GGC (3471 m) are >100 cm/kyr., indicating gNAIW winnowed upstream glacial sediments, depositing at 21GGC. Enhanced sediment deposition persisted until ~9ka when long-term rates leveled off at 40 cm/kyr., indicating NADW density had stabilized. From 8.6 to 8.2 ka, catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz poured freshwater into the North Atlantic disrupting deep-ocean circulation.
Chapter 2 focuses on the past 160 kyr at Site 1306 (2272 m) on the Eirik Drift where highest sedimentation rates occurred during MIC 2- 5d. Mean sortable silt (SS) and ?18O of N. pachyderma (s) are inversely related during this interval, indicating that changes in surface conditions above the Eirik Drift are propagated into the deep ocean. During the past 40 kyr., SS decreases are concomitant with instances of surface ocean freshening. These intervals correlate with Heinrich Events, suggesting that massive ice flows released
from the continents altered deep ocean circulation.
The final chapter examines deep-ocean response during Terminations 1 and 2. Higher insolation forcing across Termination 2 is postulated to promote rapid melting of continental glaciers, leaving little opportunity for continental storage of freshwater. Conversely, lower insolation across Termination 1 allowed continental ice to linger, allowing for the routing and rapid release of freshwater creating abrupt climate reversals (H1, YD and 8.2 kyr Event). Deep-ocean circulation during MIC 5e loses buoyancy in a fashion similar to the Holocene; however, maximum flow velocities are curtailed for ~7 kyr after the onset of interglacial conditions. This lag is best explained by the melting of Greenland into areas of NCW convection due to increased insolation forcing.
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electronic
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xii, 160 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references.
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by Samuel Straker Henderson
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Henderson
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Samuel Straker
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Samuel Straker Henderson
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Wright
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James
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chair
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James D Wright
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Mountain
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Gregory
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Gregory Mountain
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Miller
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Kenneth
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Kenneth G Miller
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Manley
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Patricia
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Patricia Manley
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-01
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T3CC10XS
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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