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Behavioral ecology and population genetics of two populations of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun), in New Jersey

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TitleInfo (ID = T-1)
Title
Behavioral ecology and population genetics of two populations of blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun), in New Jersey
SubTitle
PartName
PartNumber
NonSort
Identifier (displayLabel = ); (invalid = )
ETD_1780
Identifier (type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10002600001.ETD.000051315
Language (objectPart = )
LanguageTerm (authority = ISO639-2); (type = code)
eng
Genre (authority = marcgt)
theses
Subject (ID = SBJ-1); (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Biological Sciences
Subject (ID = SBJ-2); (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Callinectes--New Jersey--Behavior
Subject (ID = SBJ-3); (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Callinectes--New Jersey--Ecology
Subject (ID = SBJ-4); (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Callinectes--New Jersey--Genetics
Abstract
Blue crabs are important estuarine organisms, both ecologically and economically. Due to historical differences of human impact between contaminated Hackensack Meadowlands (HM) and cleaner Tuckerton (TK), adult prey capture, juvenile predator avoidance, adult/juvenile aggression, metal accumulation/depuration and population genetics were investigated.
HM adults had reduced prey capture on active prey compared to TK crabs, suggesting HM crabs may have reduced coordination. Stomach analysis revealed HM crabs’ stomachs contained ~60% algae/plant and detritus/sediment, and lower crab and fish weights than TK crabs. TK crabs were caged in HM or fed HM food for 8 weeks; their prey capture declined significantly indicating environmental factors were responsible for the behavioral differences.
Crabs were then analyzed for metals in muscle and hepatopancreas. HM crabs were fed clean food or transplanted to TK; TK crabs were fed contaminated food or transplanted to HM. Significant tissue differences were found for Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. HM crabs did not show a significant decrease in Hg after switching environment or diet, but showed a significant decrease in Cu, Pb and Zn in hepatopancreas after switching. TK crabs showed a significant increase of Hg in muscle and Cr and Zn in hepatopancreas after switching environment or food.
In the lab, HM juveniles attacked threatening stimuli significantly more and TK juveniles fled or gave a mixed response significantly more. HM juveniles were significantly better at avoiding a crab predator when substrate was present. Follow-up experiments were conducted without substrate to determine if aggression was important. Aggressive juveniles were no more successful than non-aggressive ones at avoiding a predator. Adults were placed in a large tank with a crab pot; significantly fewer HM adults entered the pot. The first HM crab to enter generally prevented others from entering or attacked those that did, suggesting aggression may be causing low pot counts.
Microsatellites were analyzed using four markers. Genotypic differences were not found among the three years which indicates these populations are not genetically distinct. Yearly differences were not found. These results indicate genetics can be ruled out. The ‘switch’ experiments results indicate the environment is causing the behavioral differences.
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electronic resource
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xiii, 122 p. : ill.
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application/pdf
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text/xml
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Supplementary File: Figure2-1
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Supplementary File: Figure 2-2
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Supplementary File: Figure 2-3
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Supplementary File: Figure 2-4
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Supplementary File: Figure 3-1
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Supplementary File: Figure 3-2
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Supplementary File: Figure 3-3
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-1A
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-1B
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-1C
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-2A
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-2B
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Supplementary File: Figure 4-2C
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Supplementary File: Table 1-1
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Supplementary File: Table 4-1
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Supplementary File: Table 5-1
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Supplementary File: Table 5-2
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Supplementary File: Appendix 1
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Supplementary File: Appendix II
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Supplementary File: Appendix IIIA
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Supplementary File: Appendix IIIB
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Supplementary File: Appendix IVA
Note
Supplementary File: Appendix IVB
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-121)
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Jessica M. Reichmuth
Name (ID = NAME-1); (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Reichmuth
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Jessica M.
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1979
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author
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Jessica M. Reichmuth
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Weis
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Judith
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chair
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Advisory Committee
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Judith S Weis
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Holzapfel
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Claus
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Advisory Committee
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Claus Holzapfel
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Morrison
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Douglas
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Advisory Committee
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Douglas Morrison
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Jivoff
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Paul
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outside member
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Advisory Committee
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Paul Jivoff
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NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - Newark
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school
OriginInfo
DateCreated (point = ); (qualifier = exact)
2009
DateOther (qualifier = exact); (type = degree)
2009-05
Place
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xx
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Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Title
Graduate School - Newark Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10002600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T31C1X33
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Reichmuth
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Jessica
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Jessica Reichmuth
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - Newark
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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