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Genetic and morphological discrimination of species within the nominal Brachidontes exustus (Mollusca: bivalvia) cryptic species complex from the Florida Keys
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Title
Genetic and morphological discrimination of species within the nominal Brachidontes exustus (Mollusca: bivalvia) cryptic species complex from the Florida Keys
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ETD_2080
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051785
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eng
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theses
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Topic
Ecology and Evolution
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Brachidontes--Florida--Florida Keys
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Mussels--Florida--Florida Keys
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Mollusks--Florida--Florida Keys
Abstract
The discovery of sibling and cryptic species complexes in the oceans has dramatically increased the estimated number of extant marine species. However, most cryptic species complexes remain taxonomically obscure, lacking descriptions of the morphological or
ecological differences defining the species. The distributions and morphologies of species in the nominal Brachidontes exustus complex in the Florida Keys were investigated utilizing molecular and multivariate statistical techniques.
DNA barcoding, a method of comparing newly generated sequences of the mitochondrial cytocrome c oxidase I gene (COI) from specimens of unknown species to a database of known sequences from voucher specimens, identified two cryptic species on Long Key, Florida Keys. Two differing habitats, which were <5 km apart, had single-species populations, even though both locations were within the dispersal range of larval recruits from the other location. This was the first record from the Florida Keys for these species
to be encountered as single species populations.
Tests for pseudo-crypsis among three species of the B. exustus morphospecies complex collected throughout the Florida Keys were performed with multivariate morphometics. Specimens were assigned to species using RFLP-based molecular methods. A discriminant function was constructed that, based on shell morphology, assigns individual mussels to a certain species with a high confidence (95%). Morphological differences among the species were sufficient to create robust statistical methods of resolving species using shell morphology alone. The suite of functions will facilitate future manipulation experiments with live specimens. The morphologies of the two most common species, provisionally called Bahamian and Gulf, were more similar in locations of coexistence than in locations of exclusivity.
An improved molecular-based technique for determining species, a multiplex PCR with species-specific forward oligonucleotides, was designed and tested. The method discriminates species by visualization of PCR products after electrophoresis on an agarose gel stained with ethidium brominde. This is a low cost, high throughput method that can effectively screen large numbers of specimens from the entire geographic range of the nominal species. This method can be used to identify species using larvae or juveniles which are unlikely to have the shell differences that can be used in the multivariate morphometric approach.
ecological differences defining the species. The distributions and morphologies of species in the nominal Brachidontes exustus complex in the Florida Keys were investigated utilizing molecular and multivariate statistical techniques.
DNA barcoding, a method of comparing newly generated sequences of the mitochondrial cytocrome c oxidase I gene (COI) from specimens of unknown species to a database of known sequences from voucher specimens, identified two cryptic species on Long Key, Florida Keys. Two differing habitats, which were <5 km apart, had single-species populations, even though both locations were within the dispersal range of larval recruits from the other location. This was the first record from the Florida Keys for these species
to be encountered as single species populations.
Tests for pseudo-crypsis among three species of the B. exustus morphospecies complex collected throughout the Florida Keys were performed with multivariate morphometics. Specimens were assigned to species using RFLP-based molecular methods. A discriminant function was constructed that, based on shell morphology, assigns individual mussels to a certain species with a high confidence (95%). Morphological differences among the species were sufficient to create robust statistical methods of resolving species using shell morphology alone. The suite of functions will facilitate future manipulation experiments with live specimens. The morphologies of the two most common species, provisionally called Bahamian and Gulf, were more similar in locations of coexistence than in locations of exclusivity.
An improved molecular-based technique for determining species, a multiplex PCR with species-specific forward oligonucleotides, was designed and tested. The method discriminates species by visualization of PCR products after electrophoresis on an agarose gel stained with ethidium brominde. This is a low cost, high throughput method that can effectively screen large numbers of specimens from the entire geographic range of the nominal species. This method can be used to identify species using larvae or juveniles which are unlikely to have the shell differences that can be used in the multivariate morphometric approach.
PhysicalDescription
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electronic resource
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iv, 145 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-143)
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by Kyle Francis Bennett
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Bennett
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Kyle Francis
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1972
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Kyle Francis Bennett
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Lutz
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Richard
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chair
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Advisory Committee
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Richard A Lutz
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Grassle
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Judith
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internal member
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Judith P Grassle
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Kennish
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Michael
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Michael J Kennish
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Rosenberg
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Gary
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outside member
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Gary Rosenberg
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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doi:10.7282/T3X92BGR
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work
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Copyright protected
Notice
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Open
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Permission or license
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Bennett
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Kyle
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Kyle Bennett
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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