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Investigating local growth conditions in the flame synthesis of metal-oxide nanostructures
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Text
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Title
Investigating local growth conditions in the flame synthesis of metal-oxide nanostructures
SubTitle
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NonSort
Identifier
ETD_2124
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051802
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eng
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theses
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Topic
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Nanostructures
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Transition metal oxides
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Flame
Abstract
The synthesis of metal-oxide nanowires (i.e. WO2.9, ZnO, Cu2O, and Fe3O4) and nanoplates (i.e. MoO2) is examined experimentally with metal-substrate probes inserted into counter-flow diffusion flames (CDFs) at atmospheric pressure. The quasi-one-dimensional flow field allows for correlation between morphologies and local growth conditions, as well as the tailoring of the flame structure, through computational simulations with detailed chemical kinetics and transport, to provide conditions suitable for gas-phase growth of nanostructures. Comparisons of products synthesized between methane and hydrogen flames, as well as between locations probed on either the fuel side or the air side of the reaction zone, permit evaluation of the roles of O2 versus H2O versus CO2 in the oxidative route(s) involved. The as-synthesized nanostructures are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).
Tungsten oxide nanowires are grown with diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm at 1720K. The crystal structure is tetragonal WO2.9, but the growth directions vary with flame conditions. Single-crystal ZnO nanostructures are formed at 1000, 1300, and 1600K. All growth mechanisms are possible based on Gibbs free energy calculations. Molybdenum oxide nanoplates are grown in the methane flame at 2000K on both the air and fuel sides, where similar amounts of H2O and CO2 are found. In the hydrogen flame, oxidized structures are grown on the air side, and micron sized plates are synthesized on the fuel side. Cu2O nanowires are grown only on the air side of the methane and hydrogen flames, where large amounts of oxygen are present. The fuel sides of both flames show nucleation sites on the surface but no nanowire growth. Iron oxide nanowires are formed on the air side of the methane and hydrogen flames. Carbon nanotubes and nanowires are grown on the fuel side of the methane flame, while iron-oxide nodules are formed on the fuel side of the hydrogen flame.
Tungsten oxide nanowires are grown with diameters ranging from 50 to 200 nm at 1720K. The crystal structure is tetragonal WO2.9, but the growth directions vary with flame conditions. Single-crystal ZnO nanostructures are formed at 1000, 1300, and 1600K. All growth mechanisms are possible based on Gibbs free energy calculations. Molybdenum oxide nanoplates are grown in the methane flame at 2000K on both the air and fuel sides, where similar amounts of H2O and CO2 are found. In the hydrogen flame, oxidized structures are grown on the air side, and micron sized plates are synthesized on the fuel side. Cu2O nanowires are grown only on the air side of the methane and hydrogen flames, where large amounts of oxygen are present. The fuel sides of both flames show nucleation sites on the surface but no nanowire growth. Iron oxide nanowires are formed on the air side of the methane and hydrogen flames. Carbon nanotubes and nanowires are grown on the fuel side of the methane flame, while iron-oxide nodules are formed on the fuel side of the hydrogen flame.
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electronic resource
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xiii, 83 p. : ill.
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M.S.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-83)
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by Cassandra D'Esposito
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D'Esposito
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Cassandra
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Cassandra D'Esposito
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Tse
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Stephen
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Stephen Tse
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Pelegri
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Assimina Pelegri
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Lin
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Hao
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Hao Lin
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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doi:10.7282/T38P60Q5
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ETD graduate
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The author owns the copyright to this work
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Permission or license
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D'Esposito
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Cassandra
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Cassandra D'Esposito
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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