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Evolution, diversity, and biogeography in pelagic calcifying protists
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Evolution, diversity, and biogeography in pelagic calcifying protists
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ETD_2134
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051867
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eng
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theses
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Oceanography
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Biogeography
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Foraminifera
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
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Coccolithophores
Abstract
For the last ~200 million years, two groups of unicellular eukaryotes have dominated the biomineralization of carbonate in the oceanic plankton: heterotrophic foraminifera and autotrophic coccolithophores. They literally transformed the fate of inorganic and organic carbon in the Earth’s biogeochemical system. The study of the evolution and biodiversity of these marine microcalcifiers has a long and venerable history, largely based on geological records and morphological characters. However, obtaining an accurate estimate of their biodiversity and understanding their evolution using only morphology and fossils is difficult due to issues such as dissolution, convergent morphology, and, for coccolithophores, the complicated haplo-diploid life cycle. Recent advances in molecular biology have further challenged the classic morphological studies by highlighting two additional problems: the unknown diversity of poor and non-calcifying forms in the global ocean and the widespread presence of cryptic species. The goal of this thesis was to reassess the evolutionary and ecological complexity of pelagic microcalcifiers at different taxonomic scales using molecular data constrained by morphological, ecological, and biogeographic metadata. I resolved the mode and tempo of the diversification of the haptophytes using an extensive multigene analysis and interpreted the timing of four key transitions in the evolution of the haptophytes in an ecological and geological context. I used Haptophyta-specific primers and PCR conditions adapted for GC-rich genomes to circumvent the biases inherent in classical genetic approaches. I discovered for the first time that the tiny (<3 µm) unicellular eukaryotes belonging to the haptophyte lineage are dramatically diverse in the planktonic photic realm, where they appear to dominate photosynthesis. I also developed a combined morphological-genetic approach to survey the environmental diversity of coccolithophores and evaluated the diversity level at which phylospecies and morphospecies can be considered equivalent concepts. Finally, I used the Neogloboquadrinids, a family of non-spinose planktonic foraminifera, as a model to assess cryptic speciation and global biogeography in the pelagic microcalcifiers.
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electronic resource
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xvii, 174 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-173)
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by Hui Liu
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Liu
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Hui
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1980-
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Hui Liu
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Schofield
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de Vargas
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Marie-Pierre
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Marie-Pierre Aubry
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Stéphane
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Stéphane Aris-Brosou
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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doi:10.7282/T32J6C1H
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ETD doctoral
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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