Do unique mechanisms underlie the expression of attention problems in anxious and inattentive-impulsive youth?
Descriptive
TitleInfo
(ID = T-1)
Title
Do unique mechanisms underlie the expression of attention problems in anxious and inattentive-impulsive youth?
SubTitle
implications for differential diagnosis and treatment
Identifier
(displayLabel = );
(invalid = )
ETD_2159
Identifier
(type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051920
Language
(objectPart = )
LanguageTerm
(authority = ISO639-2);
(type = code)
eng
Genre
(authority = marcgt)
theses
Subject
(ID = SBJ-1);
(authority = RUETD)
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--Treatment
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Attention-deficit-disordered youth
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Anxiety disorders--Treatment
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that unique mechanisms may underlie the expression of attention problems in youth Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and anxiety disorders (e.g., AD/HD-Inattentive Type and Generalized Anxiety Disorder). Kendall (2000) proposed that anxiety may be associated predominantly with emotion-based “distortions” in cognitive processing (e.g., misappraisal of the social/interpersonal environment, attentional bias toward perceived threat/danger), while inattention in AD/HD youth may be linked to more global cognitive “deficiencies” (e.g., selective/sustained attention, inhibitory control; Barkley, 1997). The current study compared performance of anxious (ANX; n=21; 8-17 years), inattentive-impulsive (I-I; n=22, 9-16 years), and typically developing children (NC; n=22; 8-13 years) on neurocognitive tests of both general (Stroop Color-Word Test, SCW; Conners’ Continuous Performance Test, CPT) and emotion-based attentional processes (Emotional Stroop, ES; Faces Dot Probe Task, FDP). As hypothesized, I-I demonstrated poorer sustained attention and inhibitory control, as evidenced by lower CPT commission error raw scores, relative to ANX and NC, and a non-significant trend toward higher CPT omission error T-scores, relative to ANX. In addition, ANX demonstrated superior selective attention, relative to I-I, as indicated by higher SCW raw scores (i.e., more items completed in 45 seconds), higher SCW T-scores, and fewer SCW errors. As predicted, ANX demonstrated greater attentional bias toward threat cues, relative to I-I, as indicated by greater FDP bias scores in response to angry faces. No significant group differences were found in bias scores on happy or sad trials. In addition, ANX showed a trend toward significant “absolute bias” scores (i.e., relative to zero) in response to angry faces alone, suggesting a potential emotion-specific attentional bias toward threat cues in anxious youth; I-I exhibited an “absolute bias” toward sad faces, alone. ES bias scores were not significant and did not distinguish between groups. The findings provide initial evidence for the neuropsychological differentiation of attention problems in anxious (i.e., threat-related attentional bias) and inattentive-impulsive children (i.e., general selective/sustained attention), suggesting the potential utility of cognitive assessment as an aid for differential diagnosis and subsequent treatment of youth anxiety and AD/HD.
PhysicalDescription
Form
(authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-66)
Note
(type = statement of responsibility)
by Adam Scott Weissman
Name
(ID = NAME-1);
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Weissman
NamePart
(type = given)
Adam Scott
NamePart
(type = date)
1980-
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
author
DisplayForm
Adam Scott Weissman
Name
(ID = NAME-2);
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Chu
NamePart
(type = given)
Brian
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
chair
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Name
(ID = NAME-3);
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Bates
NamePart
(type = given)
Marsha
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
internal member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
Marsha E. Bates
Name
(ID = NAME-4);
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Mohlman
NamePart
(type = given)
Jan
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
internal member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Name
(ID = NAME-5);
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Cooperberg
NamePart
(type = given)
Mark
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
outside member
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
DisplayForm
Mark Cooperberg
Name
(ID = NAME-1);
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
degree grantor
Name
(ID = NAME-2);
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB);
(type = )
school
OriginInfo
DateCreated
(point = );
(qualifier = exact)
2009
DateOther
(qualifier = exact);
(type = degree)
2009-10
Place
PlaceTerm
(type = code)
xx
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = RULIB)
ETD
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = local)
rucore19991600001
Location
PhysicalLocation
(authority = marcorg);
(displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T3DB821K
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
Back to the top