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Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Descriptive
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Text
TitleInfo
Title
Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT)
SubTitle
molecular analysis of active degraders and metabolic pathways
Identifier
ETD_2390
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052111
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T35B02M0
Language
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English
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theses
Subject
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Topic
Environmental Sciences
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Biodegradation
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
TNT (Chemical)
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Nitroaromatic compounds
Abstract
(type = abstract)
Nitroaromatic compounds have been historically used as dyes, explosives and pesticides. The disposal of these products has caused widespread contamination of both soil and groundwater. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been known as the worst of these contaminants because of the mutagenic properties of the compound, its persistence in the environment, and the wide range of sites that are contaminated with TNT. It is not only harmful to humans but it is also harmful to organisms in the lower trophic levels of ecosystems, and can affect the primary production of phytoplankton in the oceans.
The following series of experiments looks to determine ways that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene could be biologically degraded in contaminated anaerobic environments. The experiments use dilution culturing, molecular techniques, and chemical analysis. Cultures were made from 3 different geographical sites (Arthur Kill, Norfolk Harbor, and an unexploded ordnance site in Hawaii) under both sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions. The experiments demonstrate that there are bacteria present in the environment that could degrade TNT and the use of stable-isotope probing (SIP) in dilution cultures allowed the bacteria that are able to initially degrade TNT to be identified. The stable-isotope fed dilution cultures produced samples that were used for chemical analysis to determine pieces of the biological degradation pathway. These experiments determined that 1) there are bacteria that are able to utilize both the carbon and/or nitrogen present in TNT for growth and 2) toluene, methylphloroglucinol, benzoate or a benzoate derivative, and a cresol are all metabolites of anaerobic TNT degradation.
The following series of experiments looks to determine ways that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene could be biologically degraded in contaminated anaerobic environments. The experiments use dilution culturing, molecular techniques, and chemical analysis. Cultures were made from 3 different geographical sites (Arthur Kill, Norfolk Harbor, and an unexploded ordnance site in Hawaii) under both sulfidogenic and methanogenic conditions. The experiments demonstrate that there are bacteria present in the environment that could degrade TNT and the use of stable-isotope probing (SIP) in dilution cultures allowed the bacteria that are able to initially degrade TNT to be identified. The stable-isotope fed dilution cultures produced samples that were used for chemical analysis to determine pieces of the biological degradation pathway. These experiments determined that 1) there are bacteria that are able to utilize both the carbon and/or nitrogen present in TNT for growth and 2) toluene, methylphloroglucinol, benzoate or a benzoate derivative, and a cresol are all metabolites of anaerobic TNT degradation.
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electronic resource
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xi, 116 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references.
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by Erin Maureen Gallagher
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Gallagher
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Erin Maureen
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1980-
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Erin Maureen Gallagher
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Young
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Lily
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Lily Y. Young
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Kerkhof
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Lee
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co-chair
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Lee J. Kerkhof
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Reinfelder
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John
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Peter
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Peter Jaffe
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2010
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2010-01
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD doctoral
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Gallagher
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Erin
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2010-01-05 13:50:38
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Erin Gallagher
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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