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Chemistry and pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a west African medicinal plant
Descriptive
TypeOfResource
Text
TitleInfo
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Title
Chemistry and pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a west African medicinal plant
Identifier
ETD_2389
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052288
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Medicinal Chemistry
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Combretaceae
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Medicinal plants--Senegal
Abstract
Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum, Fam. Combretaceae) is an undomesticated shrub species of western Africa and is one of the most popular traditional bush teas of Senegal. The herbal beverage is traditionally used for weight loss, digestion, as a diuretic and mild antibiotic, and to relieve pain. The fresh leaves are used to treat malarial fever. Leaf extracts, the most biologically active plant tissue relative to stem, bark and roots, were screened for antioxidant capacity, measuring the removal of a radical by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, anti-inflammatory activity, measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and glucose-lowering activity, measuring phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression in an H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Radical oxygen scavenging activity, or antioxidant capacity, was utilized for initially directing the fractionation; highlighted subfractions and isolated compounds were subsequently tested for anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering activities. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the crude leaf extract were fractionated leading to the isolation and identification of a number of polyphenolic compounds. Some of these compounds, the catechins and glycosylflavones, were previously reported in kinkéliba. Other compounds, the flavans and galloylated C-glycosylflavone derivatives, are being reported for the first time in this species and family. Finally, a group of major constituents in the kinkéliba leaves were discovered to be a series of compounds with a new skeleton, a flavan-piperidine alkaloid. The four kinkéloids, as they are named here first, were isolated and structurally elucidated by 1- and 2-D NMR spectroscopy and HRMS spectrometry. The catechins and flavans were the active compounds by antioxidant capacity and epicatechin was identified as a glucose-lowering compound by PEPCK inhibition. The positive glucose-lowering activities led to an animal study that tested the activity of the crude extract and ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions in mice fed a high-fat diet, resulting in the development of a diabetic model. After six weeks of daily treatments, the treated groups showed lowered baseline blood glucose levels as well as decreased PEPCK levels in the liver, strongly suggesting that kinkéliba constituents may be beneficial in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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electronic resource
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xv, 268 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references
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by Cara Renae Welch
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Welch
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Cara Renae
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1980-
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Cara Renae Welch
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Simon
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James
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chair
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James E Simon
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Wu
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Qing-Li
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Qing-Li Wu
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LaVoie
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Edmond
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Edmond J LaVoie
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Gianfagna
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Thomas
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Thomas J Gianfagna
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2010
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2010
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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doi:10.7282/T3TM7B7P
Genre
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ETD doctoral
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
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Copyright protected
Notice
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Open
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Permission or license
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Welch
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Cara
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2010-01-05 11:55:37
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Cara Welch
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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365 days
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