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Investigating flame-based synthesis of carbon nanotubes and metal-oxide nanowires
Descriptive
TypeOfResource
Text
TitleInfo
(ID = T-1)
Title
Investigating flame-based synthesis of carbon nanotubes and metal-oxide nanowires
Identifier
ETD_504
Identifier
(type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000054802
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Nanotubes--Synthesis
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Nanowires--Synthesis
Abstract
(type = abstract)
The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal-oxide nanowires (e.g. ZnO, WO2.9) are examined experimentally by inserting probes into various flame geometries at atmospheric pressure. The main probed-flame configurations are the inverse co-flow diffusion flame (IDF) and the counter-flow diffusion flame (CDF), which are compared with each other to assess the translatability of local synthesis conditions in producing the same growth attributes and morphologies. The CDF is characterized using laser-based spontaneous Raman spectroscopy (SRS), and validated with simulations using detailed chemical kinetics and transport. SRS is used to measure local conditions in the 2-D axi-symmetric IDF. Properties of the as-synthesized nanostructures are determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), and resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS). Various morphologies of CNTs are grown catalytically on metal-alloy substrates of different compositions (i.e., Fe, Fe/Cr, Ni/Cu, Ni/Ti, Ni/Cr, Ni/Cr/Fe), as well as on metal-oxide solid solutions (i.e. NiAl2O4, CoAl2O4 and ZnFe2O4). Vertically well-aligned multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) with uniform diameters are obtained from Ni/Cr/Fe and Ni/Ti alloys. CNTs produced from ZnFe2O4 substrates are found to be a mixture of MWNTs and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with at least 30% SWNTs by number. Effects of local gas-phase temperature, substrate temperature, carbon-based precursor species concentrations, and substrate voltage bias on CNT formation, diameter, growth rate, yield, density, and morphology are investigated. Aligned single-crystal tungsten oxide nanowires with diameters of 20-50nm are grown directly from tungsten substrates at high rates, with local gas-phase temperature and chemical species specified at the substrate for self-synthesis. Voltage bias is shown to dramatically alter the morphologies of the as-synthesized WOx nanomaterial. Single-crystalline ZnO nanowires are grown directly on zinc-plated steel substrates at high rates with no catalysts. Larger-diameter (>100nm) nanowires are produced at higher temperatures; while smaller-diameter (25-40nm) nanowires are produced at lower temperatures, and only on the fuel side of the reaction zone. Reactions with H2O appear to be the dominant route for nanowire synthesis. Nanoribbons and other nanowire-based morphologies are also found and discussed.
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electronic resource
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xxiii, 233 p. : ill.
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Note
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Ph.D.
Note
Includes abstract
Note
Vita
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(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note
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by Fusheng Xu
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Xu
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Fusheng
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Fusheng Xu
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Tse
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Stephen D.
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chair
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Stephen D. Tse
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Jaluria
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Yogesh
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internal member
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Advisory Committee
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Yogesh Jaluria
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Rossmann
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Tobias
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Advisory Committee
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Tobias Rossmann
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Kear
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Bernard H.
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outside member
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Advisory Committee
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Bernard H. Kear
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
OriginInfo
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2007
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2007
Place
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xx
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Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T31836FM
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
RightsHolder
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(type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Xu
GivenName
Fusheng
Role
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Type
Permission or license
DateTime
2007-10-02 15:47:43
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Fusheng Xu
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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