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Enhancing energy recovery from biomass waste streams--from mega-landfills and biorefineries to microbial communities
Descriptive
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Text
TitleInfo
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Title
Enhancing energy recovery from biomass waste streams--from mega-landfills and biorefineries to microbial communities
Identifier
ETD_2898
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000055662
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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Topic
Environmental Sciences
Subject
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Biomass energy industries--New Jersey--Case studies
Abstract
(type = abstract)
In the United States, biomass waste streams are often disposed of without consideration for energy recovery. Energy-from-waste (EfW) systems that utilize organic wastes as biomass energy feedstocks could be designed. This dissertation consists of four studies intended to improve energy recovery from biomass waste streams. In Study I, a system-wide energy balance model incorporating the major components of a New Jersey bioreactor-landfill waste management system was developed. The model compared several biogas energy recovery options, identified sensitive areas for optimization, and illuminated future design implications for waste management infrastructure. In Study II, methane generation, predicted by kinetic modeling, and system capital costs were quantified for onsite-batch and regional continuous anaerobic digestion systems handling horse waste in New Jersey. A range of horse quantities, waste methane potentials, and batch reactor sizes, as well as various retention scenarios were compared among each system. Costs and benefits of utilizing smaller onsite digester systems versus larger regional systems to recover bioenergy from horse waste were determined. During traditional anaerobic digestion of biomass, such as municipal solid waste (Study I) or equine waste (Study II), unwanted toxic byproducts, such as ammonia, are liberated as the organic matter degrades. If recovered, however, ammonia can be catalytically converted to generate hydrogen, an additional biofuel. Therefore, in Study III, the effect of ammonia stripping on nitrogen species accumulation and associated energy recovery from laboratory-scale batch reactors was assessed. A simulated organic waste feedstock with various carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios was created by varying the fractions of laboratory grade rabbit food, casein and cellulose. Finally, in Study IV, a theoretical design scheme for an integrated system to carry out anaerobic digestion, ammonia separation, and hydrogen recovery was established to determine system energy requirements and biofuel (methane and hydrogen) outputs. Energy demands such as heating, fluid pumping, reactor mixing and ammonia reforming were characterized, and compared to the potential biofuel outputs over a range of possible feedstock C:N ratios. The model was also used to identify significant process tradeoffs to be optimized such as the recycle flux and minimum liquid set point. The model provided a basis and justification for further research of such processes.
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electronic resource
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xviii, 263 p. : ill.
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Note
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references
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Includes vita
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(type = statement of responsibility)
by David Babson
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Babson
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David
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1981-
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David Babson
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Fennell
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Donna E.
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chair
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Advisory Committee
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Donna E. Fennell
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Krogmann
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Uta
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internal member
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Uta Krogmann
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Both
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A.J.
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A.J. Both
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Strom
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Peter
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Peter Strom
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Prakash
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Shaurya
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Shaurya Prakash
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
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2010
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2010-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T30R9P62
Genre
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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Babson
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David
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DateTime
2010-09-24 10:16:29
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David Babson
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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DateTime
2010-10-31
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after October 31st, 2011.
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