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Electrorheology and particle dynamics of single-wall-carbon-nanotube suspensions under shear and electric fields
Descriptive
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Text
TitleInfo
(ID = T-1)
Title
Electrorheology and particle dynamics of single-wall-carbon-nanotube suspensions under shear and electric fields
Identifier
ETD_2850
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056510
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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Topic
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Electrorheological fluids
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Nanotubes
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Shear (Mechanics)
Subject
(ID = SBJ-5);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Electric fields
Abstract
(type = abstract)
Electrorheological (ER) fluids are smart materials consisting of polarizable particles in an insulating liquid. Under an electric field, the dispersed particles develop an induced dipole moment and interact with each other to form chains or fibrous structures. This anisotropic microstructure enables ER fluids to have reversible changes on their macroscopic rheological properties, such as apparent viscosity and yield stress. As such, electrorheological fluids have potential application in the control of devices such as dampers, clutches, and robotics. Single-wall-carbon-nanotubes (SWNTs), because of their nanoscale size, large aspect
ratio and high polarizability, are of interest as a possible dispersed phase of novel, highly efficient ER fluids. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated for the first
time the ER response of dilute SWNT suspensions, with a more-than-doubling of the apparent viscosity at moderate shear rates for a SWNT volume fraction of just [Phi symbol] =1.5×10[superscript −5]. By systematically varying the shear rate and electric field, we found that the electrorheological response can be interpreted in terms of an electrostatic-polarization
model, where the governing parameter was a modified Mason number giving the ratio of viscous to dipole-dipole forces. Analysis of the electrostatic forces suggested that the magnitude of the electrorheological response in the dilute SWNT suspension, which was
much higher than conventional electrorheological fluids of comparable volume fractions, was due to the high aspect ratio of the nanotubes. Further studies of the particle dynamics and electrorheology of SWNT suspensions were made to better understand the possible connection between the macroscopic rhe-
ology and microscopic particle dynamics. Using an optical polarization-modulation method and a modified concentric-cylinder viscometer, the first experimental measurements were made of ensemble-averaged SWNT orientation angles under combined shear
flow and electric fields. The particle-orientation response was found to occur on time scales one to two orders of magnitude faster than the macroscopic electrorheological response, indicating that the particle orientation does not directly affect the apparent
viscosity at these low concentrations. Consistent with the theory developed by Mason and coworkers for ellipsoidal particles, the equilibrium particle-orientation angles for various shear rates and electric fields collapsed when plotted against a parameter
giving the ratio of electrostatic-to-shear-flow torques. However, the measured equilibrium orientation angles for the SWNTs showed poor quantitative agreement with the classical model. Analysis of the electrostatic interaction torques between large-aspect-ratio SWNTs showed that the interactions are significant in spite of the diluteness of the suspension, and likely account for the discrepancy between the measurement and
predicted particle orientation angles.
ratio and high polarizability, are of interest as a possible dispersed phase of novel, highly efficient ER fluids. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated for the first
time the ER response of dilute SWNT suspensions, with a more-than-doubling of the apparent viscosity at moderate shear rates for a SWNT volume fraction of just [Phi symbol] =1.5×10[superscript −5]. By systematically varying the shear rate and electric field, we found that the electrorheological response can be interpreted in terms of an electrostatic-polarization
model, where the governing parameter was a modified Mason number giving the ratio of viscous to dipole-dipole forces. Analysis of the electrostatic forces suggested that the magnitude of the electrorheological response in the dilute SWNT suspension, which was
much higher than conventional electrorheological fluids of comparable volume fractions, was due to the high aspect ratio of the nanotubes. Further studies of the particle dynamics and electrorheology of SWNT suspensions were made to better understand the possible connection between the macroscopic rhe-
ology and microscopic particle dynamics. Using an optical polarization-modulation method and a modified concentric-cylinder viscometer, the first experimental measurements were made of ensemble-averaged SWNT orientation angles under combined shear
flow and electric fields. The particle-orientation response was found to occur on time scales one to two orders of magnitude faster than the macroscopic electrorheological response, indicating that the particle orientation does not directly affect the apparent
viscosity at these low concentrations. Consistent with the theory developed by Mason and coworkers for ellipsoidal particles, the equilibrium particle-orientation angles for various shear rates and electric fields collapsed when plotted against a parameter
giving the ratio of electrostatic-to-shear-flow torques. However, the measured equilibrium orientation angles for the SWNTs showed poor quantitative agreement with the classical model. Analysis of the electrostatic interaction torques between large-aspect-ratio SWNTs showed that the interactions are significant in spite of the diluteness of the suspension, and likely account for the discrepancy between the measurement and
predicted particle orientation angles.
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electronic resource
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xvii, 119 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references
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Includes vita
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by Chen Lin
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Lin
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Chen
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1977-
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Chen Lin
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Shan
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Jerry
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chair
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Jerry Shan
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Lin
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Hao
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Hao Lin
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Bagchi
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Prosenjit Bagchi
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Zimmermann
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Frank
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Frank Zimmermann
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2010
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2010-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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doi:10.7282/T3G44Q1G
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
RightsHolder
(ID = PRH-1);
(type = personal)
Name
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Lin
GivenName
Chen
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Copyright Holder
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DateTime
2010-09-08 12:10:27
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Chen Lin
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
RightsEvent
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Embargo
DateTime
2010-10-31
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after May 2nd, 2011.
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