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The application of a micrometeorological technique to measure air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls
Descriptive
TypeOfResource
Text
TitleInfo
(ID = T-1)
Title
The application of a micrometeorological technique to measure air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls
Identifier
ETD_2970
Identifier
(type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000056763
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
(ID = SBJ-1);
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Environmental Sciences
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Polychlorinated biphenyls--Air content--Measurement
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Micrometeorology
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Mass transfer
Abstract
(type = abstract)
In this study, a micrometeorological technique was applied for the first time to investigate the air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). By measuring the concentrations of PCBs at two heights above the water surface as well as in the dissolved phase, air-water exchange fluxes and mass transfer coefficient (vaw), also known as air-water exchange velocity, were determined for individual PCB congeners in the Hudson River. The average gas-phase ΣPCB concentration was 1.1 ng m-3, and ranged from 0.62-2.2 ng m-3, these values are elevated over regional background by about a factor of 6. The atmospheric stability factor of water vapor (φw), which were used to correct PCB fluxes for non-neutral conditions, ranged from 1.0-3.2 (roughly neutral to stable conditions). Vertical ΣPCB fluxes ranged from +0.5 μg m-2 d -1 to +13.5 μg m-2 d-1. Individual congener fluxes ranged from negative to +1.3 μg m-2 d-1. Mono through tri homologues accounted for about half of ΣPCB fluxes, with tetra through hexa accounting for the other half. The average daily ΣPCB flux was 4 μg m-2 d-1, which suggests that about 400 kg ΣPCBs volatilize from this water body over the three summer months. Dissolved-phase PCB concentrations ranged from 2.5 to 32 ng L-1, while concentrations in the suspended particle phase ranged from 5.3 to 14 ng L-1. The derived vaw values for individual congeners averaged 0.81 m d-1, with a median of 0.49 m d-1 and a range of 0.042 to 8.4 m d-1. Average uncertainty in vaw is about 70%. Compared to other studies, our vaw values are more precise (lower uncertainty) and more selective (measured for individual congeners) than values determined by the Whitman two-film model. The results from multiple regression analysis indicate that the relationship of vaw with meteorological and PCB physicochemical properties were significant. However, minute r2 values suggest that other parameters may play a pivotal role on vaw in this system. Future studies should extend the range of temperature and wind speed over which vaw is measured and should also focus on understanding the role of the surface micro layer and surfactants on air/water exchange of PCBs.
PhysicalDescription
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electronic resource
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xi, 146 p. : ill.
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text/xml
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references
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Includes vita
Note
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by Andy Larry Sandy
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Sandy
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Andy Larry
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1976-
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author
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Andy Sandy
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Rodenburg
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Lisa A
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chair
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Advisory Committee
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Lisa A Rodenburg
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Miskewitz
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Robert
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co-chair
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Advisory Committee
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Robert Miskewitz
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Miller
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Mark
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internal member
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Advisory Committee
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Mark Miller
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Reinfelder
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John
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John Reinfelder
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McGillis
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Wade
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Advisory Committee
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Wade McGillis
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
OriginInfo
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2010
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2010-10
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xx
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Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T33X86BB
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights
RightsDeclaration
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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Name
FamilyName
Sandy
GivenName
Andy
Role
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DateTime
2010-09-30 15:57:38
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Andy Sandy
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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