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Adaptation and regulation of fatty acid composition in candida albicans in response to environmental conditions
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Adaptation and regulation of fatty acid composition in candida albicans in response to environmental conditions
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Stivers
NamePart
(type = given)
Peter J.
NamePart
(type = date)
1985-
DisplayForm
Peter Stivers
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
author
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Martin
NamePart
(type = given)
Charles E
DisplayForm
Charles E Martin
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
chair
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Vershon
NamePart
(type = given)
Andrew
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Andrew Vershon
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
chair
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Carman
NamePart
(type = given)
George
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George Carman
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Covey
NamePart
(type = given)
Lori
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Lori Covey
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Martin
NamePart
(type = given)
Charles
DisplayForm
Charles Martin
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre
(authority = marcgt)
theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated
(qualifier = exact)
2011
DateOther
(qualifier = exact);
(type = degree)
2011-05
Place
PlaceTerm
(type = code)
xx
Language
LanguageTerm
(authority = ISO639-2b);
(type = code)
eng
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_3228
PhysicalDescription
Form
(authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
x, 79 p. : ill.
Note
(type = degree)
M.S.
Note
(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note
(type = statement of responsibility)
by Peter J. Stivers
Abstract
(type = abstract)
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that grows
in the mammalian gut at a constant temperature of
37oC. Like most fungi, Candida albicans membranes
contain mono-‐and polyunsaturated fatty acids that
are formed by Δ9, Δ12, and Δ15 fatty acid desaturase
enzymes. Studies of other ectothermic fungi have shown
that desaturases are highly regulated with respect to growth temperatures and the availability of exogenous
nutrient fatty acids. Experiments were performed to
assess whether the lipid composition and fatty acid
desaturases of Candida are regulated under similar
conditions. Candida was found to adapt to temperatures
ranging from 15oC to 37oC, however, at 15oC an unusual 12-‐hour biphasic lag phase was observed before cells entered logarithmic growth. These
experiments showed that cellular fatty acyl composition
was dynamic and varied with both the growth phase and
the growth temperature. Growth at lower temperatures
in the 37oC-‐20oC range resulted in higher levels of
double bonds in membrane lipids, which is consistent
with induced levels of desaturase activities seen in
ectothermic fungi as they adapt to low temperatures.
Unexpectedly, the fatty acyl double bond content in
20oC cells was found to be higher than that at 15oC.
Analysis of the relative mRNA levels for Δ9, Δ12, and
Δ15 desaturases showed a correlation with the respective fatty acyl compositions found at each
temperature. Candida was found to incorporate exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids from the culture
medium at 30oC and α-‐linolenic acid and γ-‐linolenic
acid accumulated to high levels in cellular lipids, resulting in repressed levels of the endogenous unsaturated species. Arachidonic acid accumulated
in cellular lipids at lower levels under the same conditions, but also produced marked reductions in endogenous 18:1. Analysis of mRNAs from the 30oC
supplemented cells showed that all three fatty acids repressed the Δ9 and Δ15 desaturase mRNA levels while inducing Δ12 desaturase gene expression. In
experiments to test the effects of unsaturated fatty acids
on the ability of Candida to adapt to low temperatures
all three polyunsaturated acids were found to incorporate into lipids at high levels in cells grown at 15oC. This supplementation, however, produced no change in the extent of the lag phase and growth rate of
Candida at 15oC. Under these conditions, all three
exogenous fatty acids were found to repress both Δ9 and Δ12 desaturase mRNA levels.
in the mammalian gut at a constant temperature of
37oC. Like most fungi, Candida albicans membranes
contain mono-‐and polyunsaturated fatty acids that
are formed by Δ9, Δ12, and Δ15 fatty acid desaturase
enzymes. Studies of other ectothermic fungi have shown
that desaturases are highly regulated with respect to growth temperatures and the availability of exogenous
nutrient fatty acids. Experiments were performed to
assess whether the lipid composition and fatty acid
desaturases of Candida are regulated under similar
conditions. Candida was found to adapt to temperatures
ranging from 15oC to 37oC, however, at 15oC an unusual 12-‐hour biphasic lag phase was observed before cells entered logarithmic growth. These
experiments showed that cellular fatty acyl composition
was dynamic and varied with both the growth phase and
the growth temperature. Growth at lower temperatures
in the 37oC-‐20oC range resulted in higher levels of
double bonds in membrane lipids, which is consistent
with induced levels of desaturase activities seen in
ectothermic fungi as they adapt to low temperatures.
Unexpectedly, the fatty acyl double bond content in
20oC cells was found to be higher than that at 15oC.
Analysis of the relative mRNA levels for Δ9, Δ12, and
Δ15 desaturases showed a correlation with the respective fatty acyl compositions found at each
temperature. Candida was found to incorporate exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids from the culture
medium at 30oC and α-‐linolenic acid and γ-‐linolenic
acid accumulated to high levels in cellular lipids, resulting in repressed levels of the endogenous unsaturated species. Arachidonic acid accumulated
in cellular lipids at lower levels under the same conditions, but also produced marked reductions in endogenous 18:1. Analysis of mRNAs from the 30oC
supplemented cells showed that all three fatty acids repressed the Δ9 and Δ15 desaturase mRNA levels while inducing Δ12 desaturase gene expression. In
experiments to test the effects of unsaturated fatty acids
on the ability of Candida to adapt to low temperatures
all three polyunsaturated acids were found to incorporate into lipids at high levels in cells grown at 15oC. This supplementation, however, produced no change in the extent of the lag phase and growth rate of
Candida at 15oC. Under these conditions, all three
exogenous fatty acids were found to repress both Δ9 and Δ12 desaturase mRNA levels.
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Candida albicans
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Fatty acids
Identifier
(type = hdl)
http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.1/rucore10001600001.ETD.000061519
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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(authority = marcorg);
(displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T3XD110D
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD graduate
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Rights
RightsDeclaration
(ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
(type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Stivers
GivenName
Peter
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = start)
2011-04-10 23:21:51
AssociatedEntity
Name
Peter Stivers
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
RightsEvent
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = start)
2011-05-31
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = end)
2012-05-30
Type
Embargo
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after May 30th, 2012.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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6447616
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6451200
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