A puzzle of economic liberalization in democratic and democratizing countries is how reforms were implemented in rent-seeking economies where diverse interests competed with one another for monopoly over state-owned resources. In answering this question, scholars of comparative politics have drawn attention to how policymakers have tried to manage the costs for social groups that stand to lose from reform. For instance, the persistence of rent-seeking in liberalizing states has resulted from the state’s attempts to placate powerful constituencies faced with adequate incentives to organize against reform. In this dissertation I use the case of post-liberalization India to contribute to this scholarship. I argue that the Indian state has sought to manage the costs of reform by using the policy arena of education reform as a site of patronage and social management. However, such policies have had unintended consequences, as reforms have produced new elite groups that have influenced policy outcome via mobilization in non-electoral spaces such as the judiciary. In investigating the politics of opposition by such elite groups, my dissertation shows how the Supreme Court became the site for consolidation of a post-reform entrepreneurial identity that arose at the intersection of discourses on caste, community and religion. Thereby, it also looks at the ways in which the judicial institution has traditionally served as the institutional counter-mechanism to policy-making by legislatures in democracies.
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Political Science
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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