Drawing on the examples of the violent deaths of El Salvador’s Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero and Poland’s Father Jerzy Popiełuszko during the heights of Cold War struggles in the respective countries this thesis presents Christian martyrdom as part of monumental social changes of which the Catholic Church had become an agent after World War II. The popular Catholic Church in peripheral countries such as El Salvador and Poland, I argue, became the facilitator of grassroots civic activism and resistance in which peasants and workers, no longer passive recipients of political identities and economic policies from above, became active agents in constructing of novel forms of resistance to state hegemonies, new civil societies, and political ideologies. As members of ‘popular churches’ these new social actors challenged ’myths of modernity’ pervading the Cold War polarization proving that in peripheral countries ideological categories such as left/right, socialist/liberal, and communist/capitalist did not lend themselves to easy universal categorizations. The Catholic Church, moreover, through Liberation Theology and theory of Solidarity provided alternative ‘third road’ ideologies, which borrowed from socialism and liberalism, but also challenged them. Catholicism, as ‘practical religion’, most dramatically articulated during Cold War in martyrdom and its cults, became synonymous with resistance to oppression and an existential code for civil societies striving for social justice.
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
History
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_4104
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
iii, 93 p.
Note (type = degree)
M.A.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Joanna H. Martinez
Subject
Name (authority = LC-NAF)
NamePart (type = personal)
Romero, Óscar A.--(Óscar Arnulfo),--1917-1980
Subject
Name (authority = LC-NAF)
NamePart (type = corporate)
Catholic Church.--Archdiocese of San Salvador (El Salvador).-- Archbishop (1977-1980 : Romero)
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