DescriptionWhen do people seeking political change choose to pick up arms and use violent means to bring about change, and under what circumstances do people turn to nonviolent peaceful means? There is a great deal of literature which states that in democracies we will see nonviolent social movements emerge and in autocracies we will see movements for change use violence. This study reviewed 323 cases of major non-state resistance campaigns from 1900 to 2006 and found just the opposite. Two-thirds of the campaigns in democratic countries were violent in nature and more than half of the campaigns in autocratic countries were nonviolent. Some alternative explanations were then explored including the possibility that the choice of whether a movement turns violent or nonviolent may have more to do with the global system and outside influences from other states than with any characteristic of the state itself.