TY - JOUR TI - Muteness and modern drama DO - https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3S181FV PY - 2012 AB - “Muteness and Modern Drama” asks what became of the mute figure and, broadly, muteness on the melodramatic stage. Melodrama frequently communicated through means other than dialogue, such as music, tableaux, gesture, and character physiognomy. The latter three are silent communicants—visual means of engaging the audience—while music is seemingly antithetical to silence. Or is it? “Muteness and Modern Drama” argues that melodrama’s audio-visual semiotics—which equate silence with stasis and sound with motion, so much so that the audience involuntarily experiences silence through, for example, a frozen pose or (later) a singular object or commanding set—carried through to modern drama. Moreover, music in melodrama plays or swells during moments when dialogue subsides, linking it to the unspoken or silence. Chapter one considers the monster in Peake’s Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein as a development of melodrama’s mute figure. I analyze the characteristics of mute figures from early melodramas and argue that Peake contrasts the mute role’s traditionally innocent gestures with the monster’s terrifying costume in order to create a silent character who resembles Shelley’s protagonist/antagonist and fractures the typical division between hero and villain on the melodramatic stage. Chapter one explores the complexities of melodrama’s mute figure and language, and chapters two through four trace how Symbolism and Expressionism adapted this language into avant-garde theater. Chapter two argues that Strindberg and Ibsen’s Symbolist plays, Ghost Sonata and When We Dead Awaken, utilize mute figures in order to convey silent pauses in narrative. They also relate their mute figures to statues, engaging melodrama’s association between muteness and stillness, while indicating the mute figure’s evolution into Symbolism’s emblematic object. In chapter three, Wilde’s Symbolist play, Salome, alternates between incantatory dialogue and silent pauses that Loie Fuller develops into choreography for her Salome dances, which translate her body into symbolic objects. Chapter four turns to Expressionism, focusing on O’Neill’s The Emperor Jones’ simultaneous staging of the thumping tom-tom and the silent, still forest. From melodrama through Symbolism to Expressionism, the mute figure permeates the stage, making silence and visual communication the language of modern theater. KW - Literatures in English KW - Melodrama--History and criticism KW - Drama--Themes, motives KW - Mute persons LA - eng ER -