TY - JOUR TI - A law enforcement perspective to intelligence failure in mass casualty terrorist attacks by global jihadist movements DO - https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3S75DZ2 PY - 2013 AB - This study aims to explain, from a law enforcement perspective, the extent to which five factors—policy/bureaucratic obstacles, organizational problems, defects in intelligence cycle, lack of international intelligence sharing, and the capabilities of perpetrators—contribute to intelligence failure in mass casualty terrorist attacks. In an attempt to find answers to a set of probing questions based on the five factors mentioned above, the study which examines intelligence failure in two mass casualty terrorist attacks by global jihadist movements applies existing theories of and knowledge on intelligence failure to case studies of two mass casualty terrorist attacks: the 9/11 attacks in 2001 and the Istanbul bombings in 2003. The core findings of the study suggest that while some specific problems in the intelligence community, particularly structural problems and lack of information sharing can result in intelligence failure, government policies against terrorism (perception of threat, implementation of policies) and toward intelligence units (adequate funding, guidance, and oversight of the intelligence agencies) as well as the capability of perpetrators and the lack of international intelligence sharing also play an important role in intelligence failure. On the other hand, whether such attacks are inevitable remains questionable. Even if governments implement right policies and intelligence agencies do their best, the capacity and the willingness of terrorists and terrorist organizations can facilitate success of such attacks. Given the fact that intelligence failures are not rare events, even if particular instances could have been avoided, the general phenomenon cannot. The study has implications for reorganization of intelligence agencies, understanding of the global terrorism threat posed by jihadist movements and the role of law enforcement intelligence in countering transnational terrorism. KW - Global Affairs KW - Intelligence service--United States KW - Intelligence service--Turkey KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 KW - Terrorism--Turkey--Istanbul KW - Jihad KW - Terrorism risk communication LA - eng ER -