DescriptionWithin the current educational climate, many adolescents, particularly at the secondary level, struggle to achieve literacy proficiency. One factor that may be contributing to these poor proficiency levels is the curriculum, particularly the type of texts being used to develop literacy in school. These materials tend to reflect traditional notions of text that are believed to develop skills necessary to succeed on standardized assessments. Many English Language Arts classrooms continue to privilege traditional literary texts and linguistic modes of meaning despite the fact that developing the skills to read certain alternative texts, like graphic novels, can make students better, more engaged readers. The graphic novel can also be used to improve proficiency by providing opportunities for students to develop multimodal reading and critical literacy skills. Though researchers continue to highlight the educational benefits of graphic novels, the general theoretical literature has yet to explore how readers adjust to the affordances of this type of text or how instruction impacts this learning process. Using an embedded case study model, this study documented how a twelfth-grade class studied four graphic novels that had been incorporated in their ELA course. The data were derived from multiple sources including observations, interviews, artifacts, and documents. Findings for this study suggest that readers may require instruction specific to graphic novels in order to fully access the unique textual affordances and maximize the learning potential of this kind of text. This research also indicates that graphic novels may be better suited for a nontraditional instructional approach, such as a multiliteracies pedagogy, that more fully addresses its multimodal and pluralistic features. This study also suggests that instructors working with such materials receive special training to ensure that their instructional model is appropriate for graphic novels and to help support student learning with text-specific strategies.