DescriptionThe present study examined the clinical utility of direct measures of neuropsychological performance (Pediatric Attention Disorder Diagnostic Screener Target Tests of Executive Functioning, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning-Second Edition, Trail Making Test-Part A/B) and indirect measures of behavioral functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-Parent and Teacher Form) in the identification of children at risk for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 80 elementary-aged children (6-12 years old), 40 ADHD and 40 Non-ADHD subjects, referred to a large community private practice setting in the Southern United States. Two sample t-tests (with Bonferroni correction) and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were computed to assess statistical and practical performance differences between ADHD and Non-ADHD groups. Youth in the ADHD group performed significantly worse on direct neuropsychological measures, yielding lower mean scale scores on all TTEFs, 3 of 4 WRAML-2 indices, and TMT-Part B than youth in the Non-ADHD group. Group differences were not found for the BRIEF Parent and Teacher Forms. Implications of findings for research and practice are presented.