DescriptionAccording to the Center for American Women and Politics, 1,749 women are serving in state legislatures in 2012, making up 23.7% of legislators across the country. The impact of women in elected office has received much scholarly attention with analysis of the different priorities and legislative styles of women, but little research exists on the effects of women’s caucuses in the 50 states. My dissertation identifies opportunity structures and legislator motivations that facilitate the creation of women’s legislative caucuses. The project employs case studies to test hypotheses about caucus creation, original quantitative and qualitative research on the existence of women’s caucuses throughout the states, and a quantitative analysis of key variables and their relationships with women’s caucuses. I argue that women’s gendered identity influences the goals and structures of their organizing efforts within gendered political institutions. Beyond the traditional purpose of a caucus, to directly influence the policy process, these organizations offer women a supportive environment from which to challenge the status quo, which has sometimes served to exclude women from full participation in the legislature.