DescriptionSmoking initiation typically occurs in adolescence and increase over time into emerging adulthood. According to the 2012 Report of the Surgeon General, of every three young smokers, only one will quit, and one of those remaining smokers will die from tobacco-related causes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). Thus, adolescence and emerging adulthood compose a critical time period for prevention and intervention efforts. The current study provides a description of physicians’ provision of smoking cessation treatment to adolescents in the United States, examines physician compliance with the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) guidelines, through secondary analyses of nationally representative data on physician patient encounters during ambulatory care visits. In this case control study, I utilized data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The major findings from this study include the following: physician compliance with the PHS guidelines is suboptimal. Specifically, the results indicated that physicians fell short on the standard outlined in the PHS guidelines. Furthermore, when examining physicians provision of education/advice to the entire study population, regardless of smoking status, it was found that physicians were more likely to provide education/advice to current smokers than to non-smokers; those listed as “Other” for racial background than Whites or African-Americans; those ages 14-15 and 16-17 than those ages 12-13; and those that had a preventive care visit. Finally, when examining the care provision of adolescents using tobacco, it was found that physicians provided education/counseling to 25% of adolescents using tobacco. The results found serve to support earlier literature, while this current study also provided a large set of new findings relating to tobacco use and treatment. Overall, the findings in this study suggest that physician compliance with the PHS guidelines is suboptimal. As a result, this is an opportunity for social workers to assist physicians with counseling efforts, as well as implement policy change.