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Leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties of natural products from common medicinal and edible plants.
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Leishmanicidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties of natural products from common medicinal and edible plants.
Name
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NamePart
(type = family)
Rojas-Silva
NamePart
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Patricio
NamePart
(type = date)
1978-
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Patricio Rojas-Silva
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
author
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Raskin
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Ilya
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Ilya Raskin
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Struwe
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Lena
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Lena Struwe
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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White
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James
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James White
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Rojo
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Leonel
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Leonel Rojo
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Advisory Committee
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outside member
Name
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Rutgers University
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name
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NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
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Text
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theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated
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2014
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(type = degree)
2014-10
CopyrightDate
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2014
Place
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xx
Language
LanguageTerm
(authority = ISO639-2b);
(type = code)
eng
Abstract
(type = abstract)
The dissertation aim was to present natural products derived from four common edible medicinal plants that could be applied for solving leishmaniasis, obesity and type 2 diabetes. This research showed leishmanicidal natural compounds isolated from Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae), Cornus florida L. (Cornaceae), Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae), which have been used traditionally as antiparasitic remedies. The roots of C. intybus (chicory) yielded four sesquiterpene lactones: (1) 11(S),13-dihydrolactucopicrin, (2) lactucopicrin, (3) 11(S),13-dihydrolactucin and (4) lactucin. Only compound 2 presented leishmanicidal activity (IC50 24.8 μM). The bark of C. florida (flowering dogwood) afforded eight compounds: (1) betulinic acid, (2) ursolic acid, (3) β-sitosterol, (4) ergosta-4,6,8,22-tetraene-3-one, (5) 3β-O-acetyl betulinic acid, (6) 3-epideoxyflindissol, (7) 3β-O-cis-coumaroyl betulinic acid, (8) 3β-O-trans-coumaroyl betulinic acid. The most active leishmanicidal compounds were (4) 11.5 µM, (6) 1.8 µM, (7) 8.3 µM and (8) 2.2 µM. The aerial parts of E. foetidum (culantro) generated two natural products: (1) lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate and (2) a terpene aldehyde ester derivative. Only compound 1 inhibited L. tarentolae and L. donovani with IC50 values of 14.33 and 7.84 μM, respectively. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are reaching alarming levels worldwide. This work presented the anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effect in vitro and in vivo of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae), which contains four bioactive isothiocyanates (MICs). Fresh leaves of M. oleifera were extracted with water to obtain a moringa concentrate (MC) containing 1.66% of total MICs. Also, MIC-1 and 4 were isolated from leaves. MC, MIC-1, and MIC-4 significantly decreased gene expression and production of inflammatory markers (NO, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8) in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages and Caco2 cells. The MC-treated animals, fed high-fat diet did not gain weight and did not develop fat liver disease compared to control animals. Also, when compared to control animals, the blood metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers from MC-treated mice were in the normal range. In addition MC-treated animals had normal levels of insulin signaling and inflammatory markers in liver, skeletal muscle, white adipose tissue and ileum. MC and MIC inhibited liver gluconeogenesis in vivo as well as in vitro. Finally, an indirect calorimetry acute study indicated that MC-treated mice had a higher fat oxidation rate compared to control mice.
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Plant Biology
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Leishmaniasis
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes--Treatment
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Medicinal plants
RelatedItem
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD_5953
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electronic resource
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Extent
1 online resource (xiii, 121 p. : ill.)
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references
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by Patricio Rojas-Silva
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Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/T3H70HF6
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
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Name
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Rojas-Silva
GivenName
Patricio
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Copyright Holder
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Type
Permission or license
DateTime
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2014-09-30 16:41:11
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Patricio Rojas-Silva
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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2014-10-31
DateTime
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2015-10-31
Type
Embargo
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after October 31st, 2015.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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windows xp
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