Coral biomineralization is important at the organismal, ecosystem, and global scales, yet the biological component has not been well understood. In particular, identities, roles, and environmental susceptibility of the proteins retained in coral skeleton were previously unknown. To address this, my thesis sequenced the first coral skeletal proteome, generated the first application of coral cell cultures to understanding the effects of ocean acidification on coral calcification at the cellular and molecular levels, and made the first use of NanoSIMS to test the co-localization of aspartic acid and newly formed aragonite in corals. To determine the proteins directly involved in the coral biomineralization process, I used LC-MS/MS sequencing and a novel genome to sequence the skeletal proteome of the stony coral, Stylophora pistillata. It contains an assemblage of adhesion and structural proteins as well as two highly acidic proteins that constitute a novel coral SOM protein sub-family. I next used cluster analysis to compare mineralizing genes known from coral skeleton, mollusk shell, and sea urchin spines and tests. The analysis suggests that there are few sequence similarities across all three phyla, supporting the independent iii evolution of biomineralization. However, there are core sets of conserved motifs in all three phyla examined, including acidic proteins that appear to be responsible for the nucleation reaction as well as inhibition; structural and adhesion proteins that determine spatial patterning; and signaling proteins that modify enzymatic activities. With the guidance of the sequenced coral skeletal proteome and the cluster analysis, I chose four proteins to focus on for their expression response to increased CO2, and their potential control on calcification, in cell cultures. The results suggest that compensatory molecular adjustments to deal with ocean acidification are successful only up to a point, beyond which these mechanisms cannot compete with local chemical conditions unfavorable to biomineralization. Finally, I used NanoSIMS and S. pistillata cell cultures to develop a method to co-localize highly acidic proteins and newly formed calcium carbonate. Initial results point to both intra- and extracellular roles for these proteins in transporting Ca to the calcification site and adhering cells to each other, substrate, and new mineral.
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Oceanography
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Corals
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_6822
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (xii, 150 p. : ill.)
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Jeana Louise Drake
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = local)
rucore19991600001
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.