Staff View
Antibiotic resistance among the AIDS-immunocompromised

Descriptive

TitleInfo
Title
Antibiotic resistance among the AIDS-immunocompromised
SubTitle
a model of its influence on microbial evolution
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
DeNegre
NamePart (type = given)
Ashley A.
NamePart (type = date)
1977-
DisplayForm
Ashley A. DeNegre
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
author
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Fefferman
NamePart (type = given)
Nina H.
DisplayForm
Nina H. Fefferman
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
chair
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Lockwood
NamePart (type = given)
Julie
DisplayForm
Julie Lockwood
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Bromberg
NamePart (type = given)
Yana
DisplayForm
Yana Bromberg
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Galvani
NamePart (type = given)
Alison
DisplayForm
Alison Galvani
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
outside member
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre (authority = marcgt)
theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact)
2016
DateOther (qualifier = exact); (type = degree)
2016-01
CopyrightDate (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact)
2016
Place
PlaceTerm (type = code)
xx
Language
LanguageTerm (authority = ISO639-2b); (type = code)
eng
Abstract (type = abstract)
First recognized in 1981, the AIDS pandemic has had a tremendous impact on global public health. Despite the development of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, which significantly slows the progression of HIV, HIV/AIDS continues to pose a significant health concern; its effects on the immune system leave individuals with active AIDS at increased risk for colonization by opportunistic pathogens. To address this, AIDS patients have traditionally relied upon curative and prophylactic antibiotics to treat and prevent infection, respectively. However, the use of antibiotics exerts a selective pressure against drug-sensitive microbial strains, thus bolstering the evolutionary fitness of drug-resistant strains by allowing them to persist without competition. When this occurs, resistant strain dominance can threaten the efficacy of both targeted and prophylactic antimicrobials, thereby creating health risk for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Although mathematical modeling has been used to study the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a variety of settings, the question of how the microbial evolutionary landscape is changed by a highly immunocompromised host population has not been addressed. My research uses compartmental epidemiological modeling to examine the evolutionary effects of changes in the prevalence and fitness of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogens due to antibiotic use in highly AIDS-affected regions. I apply an SEIR model to study the means by which collective host immunosuppression creates a novel environment for the emergence and maintenance of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Broadly, I address three questions.: First, I examine the immune status-based differences in relative contribution to the emergence of antibiotic resistance when curative antibiotic adherence is varied among the actively AIDS-immunocompromised. Second, holding HIV/AIDS prevalence constant, and varying percent antibiotic prophylaxis treatment among HIV/AIDS patients, I analyze the risks and benefits of prophylaxis use. (Although prophylactic use prevents opportunistic infection, it potentially selects for the emergence of antibiotic resistance at the same time.) Third, I vary the prevalence of prophylactic antibiotic and resistant strain fitness to analyze the condition-dependent differences in the evolutionary success of drug-resistant and drug-sensitive pathogen strain
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Ecology and Evolution
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Microorganisms--Evolution
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Epidemiology
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
AIDS (Disease)--Epidemiology
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_6887
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (vii, 122 p. : ill.)
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Ashley A. DeNegre
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = local)
rucore19991600001
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T3R49ST0
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
Back to the top

Rights

RightsDeclaration (ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
DeNegre
GivenName
Ashley
MiddleName
A.
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (point = start)
2015-12-02 15:33:29
AssociatedEntity
Name
Ashley DeNegre
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
Back to the top

Technical

RULTechMD (ID = TECHNICAL1)
ContentModel
ETD
OperatingSystem (VERSION = 5.1)
windows xp
Back to the top
Version 8.5.5
Rutgers University Libraries - Copyright ©2024