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Analysis of lead in sindoor and related religious powders purchased in New Jersey and India
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Analysis of lead in sindoor and related religious powders purchased in New Jersey and India
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Shah
NamePart
(type = given)
Manthan
NamePart
(type = date)
1985-
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Manthan Shah
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(authority = RULIB)
author
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Shendell
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(type = given)
Derek
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Derek Shendell
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Advisory Committee
Role
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chair
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(type = family)
Halperin
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(type = given)
William
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William Halperin
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
co-chair
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Ohman-Strickland
NamePart
(type = given)
Pamela
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Pamela Ohman-Strickland
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Meng
NamePart
(type = given)
Qingyu
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Qingyu Meng
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Lumia
NamePart
(type = given)
Margaret
DisplayForm
Margaret Lumia
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
outside member
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name
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NamePart
Graduate School - New Brunswick
Role
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school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre
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theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated
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2016
DateOther
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2016-10
CopyrightDate
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2016
Place
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xx
Language
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eng
Abstract
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Sindoor, an orange, maroon or red powder used for Hindu cultural and religious purposes, has been found to be adulterated with lead tetroxide, (Pb3O4, red lead). Red lead is often added to give the sindoor powder a deep red color. The adverse health effects caused by lead exposure have been widely documented and in children can include abdominal pain, learning disabilities reduced attention span, slowed growth and antisocial and delinquent behavior. Currently, there is no known safe level of lead exposure in children. We believe this is the first study to comprehensively assess lead (Pb) concentrations in sindoor and related powders from not only a wide geographical area in an entire state but also in those sindoor powders purchased directly from India. A total of 170 religious powders were purchased in different regions of the state (Northern, Central and Southern Jersey). Out of those 170 powders, 118 were sindoor and 52 were miscellaneous religious powders. Of the 118 powders, 95 were purchased from 66 South Asian stores in New Jersey while 23 were purchased in India. The miscellaneous powders were purchased in New Jersey. Laboratory analysis revealed how, among, U.S. sindoor powders, 79 (83.2%) of tested powders contained >1 ug/g Pb. The median lead concentration for tested U.S. sindoor powders was 3.0 ug/g Pb with a maximum Pb level of >300,000 ug/g Pb. For sindoor powders purchased in India, 18 (78.3%) samples contained >1 ug/g Pb. The median Pb concentrations for these sindoor powders was 12.7 ug/g Pb with a maximum Pb level of >300,000 ïug/g Pb. Two samples, purchased from Mumbai, contained >1% Pb. A third sample, also purchased from Mumbai, contained 0.5% ug/g Pb. For miscellaneous religious powders, 29 (55.8%) powders contained >1 ug/g Pb. The median Pb concentration for these powders was 1.1 ug/g Pb with a maximum Pb level of 61.0 ug/g Pb. Semi-quantitative x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and colormetric tests successfully identified lead in samples with higher Pb levels (i.e., >300,000 ug/g), but were not effective for samples with lower Pb levels. In summary, these results underscore the need for hazard surveillance of sindoor.
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Animal Sciences
RelatedItem
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TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_7403
PhysicalDescription
Form
(authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (x, 128 p. : ill.)
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Lead poisoning--New Jersey
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Lead poisoning--India
Note
(type = statement of responsibility)
by Manthan Shah
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
Location
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(displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T3QC05VP
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights
RightsDeclaration
(ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
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Name
FamilyName
Shah
GivenName
Manthan
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime
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(qualifier = exact);
(point = start)
2016-05-06 15:32:34
AssociatedEntity
Name
Manthan Shah
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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RULTechMD
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