DescriptionThe Kohn–Sham formulation of density functional theory (KS-DFT) is the most widely employed electronic structure method in the fields of chemistry, physics, and materials science. This is largely due to the fact that KS-DFT produces models of remarkable accuracy and predictive capability with a relatively low computational cost that scales as $O(N^3)$ with respect to the size of system. As researchers strive to simulate larger and more realistic systems, even the convenient scaling of KS-DFT becomes a bottleneck. Subsystem DFT is a popular emph{divide and conquer} formulation of DFT, where the system is divided into a set of weakly coupled fragments, that is naturally suited for a massively parallel implementations, and has a computational cost that scales linearly with the system size. In this dissertation an extension of subsystem DFT for periodic systems is derived, and a flexible, high performing, massively parallel implementation of the theory is included in a new open-source simulation package: embedded Quantum Espresso (eQE). The applicability of the method is then assessed in several applications, spanning from the interaction between molecules and surfaces, to molecular dynamics of liquids.