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Heterogeneous development of drug abuse

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TitleInfo
Title
Heterogeneous development of drug abuse
SubTitle
individual differences and predisposition to addiction.
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Beacher
NamePart (type = given)
Nicholas J.
NamePart (type = date)
1993-
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Nicholas J. Beacher
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RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
author
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Vicario
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David
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David Vicario
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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NamePart (type = family)
West
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Mark
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Mark West
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Bieszczad
NamePart (type = given)
Kasia
DisplayForm
Kasia Bieszczad
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Wagner
NamePart (type = given)
George
DisplayForm
George Wagner
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
School of Graduate Studies
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre (authority = marcgt)
theses
OriginInfo
DateOther (qualifier = exact); (type = degree)
2018-10
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2018
Place
PlaceTerm (type = code)
xx
DateCreated (encoding = w3cdtf)
2018
Language
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eng
Abstract (type = abstract)
The ability to identify individual predispositions to abuse drugs is important for long-term prevention of drug addiction. Drug addiction is in part driven by negative affect and is reinforced by compulsive resumption of drug taking. This problematic nature of addiction is thought to be influenced by drug-craving, triggered by reinvigoration of previous drug-associated environmental and contextual cues (Ikemoto & Wise, 2004). The mesolimbic dopamine system is vital for the regulation of goal-oriented behaviors, which include drug, food, gambling, and sexual seeking. Impairment of the dopaminergic system dramatically influences addictive tendencies among individuals. Cocaine, and other drugs, are able to “hijack” the reward system, and elevate dopamine in critical relay structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (Nac) which is a target of cue-associated addiction research because of its limbic-motor integration. Anatomically, the Nac is divided into core and shell subregions. Nac-core is “downstream” from the shell and is striatal-like, with projections to premotor areas which influence movements and goal-oriented behaviors through laterally spiraling striatal connections. The Nac shell is considered ‘upstream’ of the core and receives motivational input from the amygdala, hippocampus, and other limbic cortical processing regions.
Addiction researchers are able to identify differences in cue-predisposition through Pavlovian autoshaping (or STGT), which identifies two distinctive behavioral phenotypes; 1) Goal-trackers (GT), who approached the reward-port and 2) Sign-trackers (ST) who approached/attacked the lever-CS. ST have been theorized to incentivize reward cues and thereby prone to develop compulsive behavioral disorders such as addiction while GT animals have been largely ignored or used as a control to ST in drug addiction modeling. Notwithstanding this historical focus, we found high intake GT abandon pre-drug tone-discrimination and compulsively seek drug in the absence of the cue, resulting in high rates of uncued maintenance drug seeking which drove their higher drug intake. High intake, but not low intake, GT lacked the ability to control their internal drug level, which escalated to the highest recorded levels of any group during Hits. Non-GT titrated their intake throughout the session, and their DL did not significantly fluctuate between Hits and Misses within session. Additionally, high intake GT Nac core and shell neurons that were ‘active’ during Hits become ‘silent’ during Misses in that same session, suggesting the Nac could influence motivation to seek large quantities of drug. No other group demonstrated these trends, and because addiction is known to impact people of all backgrounds, GT and Non-GT may be prone to develop two distinct formations of drug addiction based on their inherent phenotype (goal vs cue oriented). Specifically, GT may represent a distinct animal model of addiction, one in which intense drug seeking is not highly influenced by contextual cues, but one where an internal ‘urge’ to take drugs results in an inability to control their drug intake.
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Psychology
Subject (authority = LCSH)
Topic
Drug abuse—Prevention
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = local)
rucore10001600001
Identifier
ETD_9135
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/T30868XJ
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (v, 70 pages : illustrations)
Note (type = degree)
M.S.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Nicholas J. Beacher
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD graduate
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Rights

RightsDeclaration (ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Beacher
GivenName
Nicholas J.
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (point = start)
2018-08-07 16:35:28
AssociatedEntity
Name
Nicholas Beacher
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. School of Graduate Studies
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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DateCreated (point = end); (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact)
2018-12-05T14:41:57
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1.7
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