Microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the most pressing health care concerns we are currently facing. Antibiotic resistance can be selected for by metals through the process known as co-selection. Co-selection occurs through two primary mechanisms: i) co-resistance, when genes encoding both are located together in the genome and ii), cross-resistance, when the same mechanism provides resistance to both (e.g. efflux pump proteins). This thesis describes co-selection in the gut microbiota of a forage feeder fish, the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). By comparing gut microbiota from fish from a mercury contaminated site and a relatively clean site, we established the mummichog gut as a reservoir of antibiotic and mercury resistant microbiota. We further examined three representative isolates with interesting antibiotic and metal resistant profiles. Genome analyses revealed few instance of co-resistance, and instead, presented various chromosomally-encoded resistance genes, including some of public health concern, (i.e. a blaOXA carbapenemase), and contributions from cross-resistance. All three organisms contained a large number of efflux pump proteins, including multiple RND efflux pump operons. Testing of the strains shows that RND efflux pumps may be involved in resistance to several classes of drugs. A transcriptomic study is in progress to understand the regulation of arsenate resistance and the potential involvement of RND efflux pumps under metal stress. Together, this work describes the abundance and inventory of antibiotic resistance genes and mechanisms in the mummichog gut microbiome and establishes the fish gut as a reservoir of such genes. This work further adds to the understanding of the role of RND efflux pumps in resistance to antibiotics, which is critical in understanding multi-drug resistance in Gram negative bacteria.
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Microbial Biology
Subject (authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Drug resistance in microorganisms
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_9103
PhysicalDescription
Form (authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Note
Supplementary File: Appendix E
Extent
1 online resource (141 pages) : illustrations
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note (type = statement of responsibility)
by Nicole A. Lloyd
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = local)
rucore10001600001
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
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