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Toddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust
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Zhou, Jiaqi. Toddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust. Retrieved from https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-dm3k-5688

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TitleToddlers' inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust
NameZhou, Jiaqi (author); Weisel, Clifford P (chair); Mainelis, Gediminas (internal member); Georgopoulos, Panos G (internal member); Tulve, Nicolle S (outside member); Rutgers University; School of Graduate Studies
Date Created2018
Other Date2018-10 (degree)
SubjectEnvironmental Sciences, Toddlers, Pesticides--Environmental aspects
Extent1 online resource (133 pages : illustrations)
DescriptionThe overall objective of this study is to better characterize a toddler’s inhalation exposure to permethrin in house dust by conducting the following three studies: 1) measuring permethrin concentrations in a toddler’s breathing zone via three different sampling approaches: mobile, stationary and settled dust on vinyl floor and carpeted floor in a simulated indoor environment; 2) identifying the particle size distribution in resuspended dust and settled dust; 3) performing Monte-Carlo simulation to probabilistically estimate toddlers’ inhalation exposures to permethrin via the three sampling approaches considering toddlers’ time and activity pattern.

The mean permethrin airborne concentrations in the stationary and mobile samples were 0.065 μg/m3 and 0.14 μg/m3 for the vinyl floor with 1 g/m2 dust loading, and 0.034 μg/m3 and 0.061 μg/m3 for the carpeted floor with 10 g/m2 dust loading, respectively. Permethrin concentrations in the settled dust samples were approximately one-fourth of that measured in the stationary and mobile samples in the carpeted floor experiments. Thus, the use of stationary samples and settled dust samples may underestimate a toddler’s personal inhalation exposure to permethrin in residential houses by approximately a factor of 2 and 4, respectively.

Particle mass concentrations measured in mobile samples were significantly higher than that measured in stationary samples. Thus, using stationary sampling would underestimate toddlers’ inhalation exposure to particles and potentially the contaminants attached onto the particles. Particle size distributions in mobile and stationary samples were not statistically significantly different from each other. However, settled dust samples have a significantly higher percentage of large particles (5-10 μm) and lower percentage of small particles (1-2.5 μm). Smaller particles have a larger surface area per volume, potentially resulting in more toxic semi-volatile chemicals attached per mass. Therefore, using settled dust as an indicator of young children’s exposure would underestimate their exposure to toxic chemicals.

Toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin in the simulated residential environment and the impact of toddlers’ activities on the estimation of toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Comparing three different modeling approaches (mobile, stationary and settled dust), toddlers’ inhalation exposure to permethrin was impacted by their indoor activities. If the mobile sample best represents a toddler’s exposure, using settled dust to estimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake might overestimate this value, while using stationary samples might underestimate toddlers’ daily inhalation intake compared to using mobile samples.
NotePh.D.
NoteIncludes bibliographical references
Noteby Jiaqi Zhou
Genretheses, ETD doctoral
Persistent URLhttps://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-dm3k-5688
Languageeng
CollectionSchool of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organization NameRutgers, The State University of New Jersey
RightsThe author owns the copyright to this work.
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