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Photophysics and skin penetration of active agents in a commercial sunscreen and insect repellent
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Photophysics and skin penetration of active agents in a commercial sunscreen and insect repellent
Name
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NamePart
(type = family)
Prettypaul
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(type = given)
Donald
NamePart
(type = date)
1970-
DisplayForm
Donald Prettypaul
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
author
Name
(type = personal)
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(type = family)
Mendelsohn
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Richard
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Richard Mendelsohn
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Advisory Committee
Role
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chair
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NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
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degree grantor
Name
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NamePart
Graduate School - Newark
Role
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(authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre
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theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated
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2018
DateOther
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(type = degree)
2018-10
CopyrightDate
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2018
Place
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(type = code)
xx
Language
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eng
Abstract
(type = abstract)
This dissertation is focused on active agents in commercial sunscreen and insect repellent products. It consists of two parts, the first focusing on the photophysics of a sunscreen active agent and the second on the permeation and spatial distribution of the sunscreen active and an insect repellent active when these agents are applied to ex-vivo human skin.
In the photochemistry study, ultrafast spectroscopy was used to study the excited state dynamics of the sunscreen molecule, Bemotrizinol. The work focused on the dissipation rates of the electronic excitation energy in different solvents. To complement the results from time-resolved femtosecond spectroscopy, Hartree-Fock UH/UHF 6-31G* calculations were used to characterize the ground and excited states potential energy surfaces. The results indicate that the excited state deactivation pathway follows a proton coupled electron transfer process which proceeds via a concerted mechanism. The dependencies on solvent polarity, viscosity, and H/D isotope effects, were investigated.
Sunscreen products have been developed to protect skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation; to achieve adequate protection, the sunscreen must be evenly applied and remain on the surface of the skin. However, skin itself presents a major challenge for application of a uniform film because of its undulating surface. Due to these inherent contours, sunscreen filters may not be distributed evenly during application. Confocal Raman microscopy was utilized to investigate the film properties of a sunscreen formulation when applied to ex-vivo human skin. The results indicate that the presence of a film-forming polymer causes the sunscreen active, Bemotrizinol, to be distributed more homogeneously and to temporally persist on the skin surface.
DEET is the most efficacious and widely-used active ingredient formulated into insect repellent. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to investigate the effect of polymers on the spatial distribution and permeation of DEET following its application to ex-vivo human skin. The results confirm that DEET permeates into the skin; furthermore, it is demonstrated that polymers do affect the permeation process in a variety of potentially important ways.
In the photochemistry study, ultrafast spectroscopy was used to study the excited state dynamics of the sunscreen molecule, Bemotrizinol. The work focused on the dissipation rates of the electronic excitation energy in different solvents. To complement the results from time-resolved femtosecond spectroscopy, Hartree-Fock UH/UHF 6-31G* calculations were used to characterize the ground and excited states potential energy surfaces. The results indicate that the excited state deactivation pathway follows a proton coupled electron transfer process which proceeds via a concerted mechanism. The dependencies on solvent polarity, viscosity, and H/D isotope effects, were investigated.
Sunscreen products have been developed to protect skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation; to achieve adequate protection, the sunscreen must be evenly applied and remain on the surface of the skin. However, skin itself presents a major challenge for application of a uniform film because of its undulating surface. Due to these inherent contours, sunscreen filters may not be distributed evenly during application. Confocal Raman microscopy was utilized to investigate the film properties of a sunscreen formulation when applied to ex-vivo human skin. The results indicate that the presence of a film-forming polymer causes the sunscreen active, Bemotrizinol, to be distributed more homogeneously and to temporally persist on the skin surface.
DEET is the most efficacious and widely-used active ingredient formulated into insect repellent. Confocal Raman microscopy was used to investigate the effect of polymers on the spatial distribution and permeation of DEET following its application to ex-vivo human skin. The results confirm that DEET permeates into the skin; furthermore, it is demonstrated that polymers do affect the permeation process in a variety of potentially important ways.
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Chemistry
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Sunscreens (Cosmetics)
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Insect baits and repellents
RelatedItem
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TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
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ETD
Identifier
ETD_9138
PhysicalDescription
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electronic resource
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (110 pages : illustrations)
Note
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Ph.D.
Note
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Includes bibliographical references
Note
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by Donald Prettypaul
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Title
Graduate School - Newark Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10002600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier
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doi:10.7282/t3-ksyj-9v43
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
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Name
FamilyName
Prettypaul
GivenName
Donald
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime
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2018-08-09 14:03:34
AssociatedEntity
Name
Donald Prettypaul
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. Graduate School - Newark
AssociatedObject
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License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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2018-09-19T11:05:02
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