RUcore: Rutgers University Community Repository
Blood pressure, dietary sodium intake, and kidney function in U.S. adults
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
Blood pressure, dietary sodium intake, and kidney function in U.S. adults
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Moore
NamePart
(type = given)
Linda W.
NamePart
(type = date)
1953-
DisplayForm
Linda W. Moore
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
author
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Byham Gray
NamePart
(type = given)
Laura D
DisplayForm
Laura D Byham Gray
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
chair
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Rigassio Radler
NamePart
(type = given)
Diane
DisplayForm
Diane Rigassio Radler
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Plascak
NamePart
(type = given)
Jesse
DisplayForm
Jesse Plascak
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name
(type = personal)
NamePart
(type = family)
Suki
NamePart
(type = given)
Wadi N
DisplayForm
Wadi N Suki
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
outside member
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name
(type = corporate)
NamePart
School of Health Professions
Role
RoleTerm
(authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre
(authority = marcgt)
theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated
(qualifier = exact)
2019
DateOther
(qualifier = exact);
(type = degree)
2019-01
CopyrightDate
(encoding = w3cdtf)
2019
Place
PlaceTerm
(type = code)
xx
Language
LanguageTerm
(authority = ISO639-2b);
(type = code)
eng
Abstract
(type = abstract)
High blood pressure is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and is associated with a higher risk of end-stage kidney disease. Whereas healthy kidneys can handle a high dietary sodium load before reaching a blood pressure (BP) threshold, a salt-sensitive increase in BP occurs when kidney function is reduced. However, the presence of confounders may influence the ability to demonstrate the BP response. The purpose of this research was to compare dietary sodium exposure and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) of U.S. adults according to kidney function level while accounting for potential confounders using NHANES data from 2003-2014. A causal framework approach was used to choose potential confounders of the dietary sodium-to-BP relationship.
The mean (standard error [SE]) age was 47.3 (0.2) years, 49.4% (n=14,094) were male, 69.9 (n=13,199) were non-Hispanic White. Body mass index was ≥ 25 kg/m2 in 68.4% (n=19,442) and 13.6% (n=5,001) had evidence of diabetes. Hypertension (BP >140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive agents) was evident in 35.3% (n=11,373) yet only 26.7% (n=8,786) reported taking antihypertensive agents.
The mean (SE) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 85.1 (0.4) ml/min/1.73m2. The mean (SE) dietary sodium was 3,526 (16) mg/day or 8.8 (0.1) grams of salt/day. The mean (SE) SBP was 122.4 (0.2) mmHg and DBP was 70.9 (0.2) mmHg. BP was <120/80mmHg in 46.6% (n=12,180). After conditioning on demographic and clinical variables, the dietary sodium exposure-to-BP relationship was negligible: -0.04mmHg decrease in SBP for every 200mg increase in dietary sodium (p=.018) and 0.02mmHg increase in DBP for every 200mg increase in dietary sodium, p=.200). Stated differently, a 1mmHg decrease in SBP for every 5g increase in dietary sodium or 12.7g increase in NaCl and a 1mmHg increase in DBP for every 10g increase in dietary sodium or 25.4 g NaCl.
This study demonstrated that a clinically relevant relationship between dietary sodium intake on the day prior to blood pressure measurements and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not apparent. Several demographic and clinical characteristics (kidney function, gender, race, income but not education, BMI, evidence of diabetes) influence the dietary sodium-to-blood pressure relationship.
The mean (standard error [SE]) age was 47.3 (0.2) years, 49.4% (n=14,094) were male, 69.9 (n=13,199) were non-Hispanic White. Body mass index was ≥ 25 kg/m2 in 68.4% (n=19,442) and 13.6% (n=5,001) had evidence of diabetes. Hypertension (BP >140/90 mmHg or taking antihypertensive agents) was evident in 35.3% (n=11,373) yet only 26.7% (n=8,786) reported taking antihypertensive agents.
The mean (SE) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 85.1 (0.4) ml/min/1.73m2. The mean (SE) dietary sodium was 3,526 (16) mg/day or 8.8 (0.1) grams of salt/day. The mean (SE) SBP was 122.4 (0.2) mmHg and DBP was 70.9 (0.2) mmHg. BP was <120/80mmHg in 46.6% (n=12,180). After conditioning on demographic and clinical variables, the dietary sodium exposure-to-BP relationship was negligible: -0.04mmHg decrease in SBP for every 200mg increase in dietary sodium (p=.018) and 0.02mmHg increase in DBP for every 200mg increase in dietary sodium, p=.200). Stated differently, a 1mmHg decrease in SBP for every 5g increase in dietary sodium or 12.7g increase in NaCl and a 1mmHg increase in DBP for every 10g increase in dietary sodium or 25.4 g NaCl.
This study demonstrated that a clinically relevant relationship between dietary sodium intake on the day prior to blood pressure measurements and systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not apparent. Several demographic and clinical characteristics (kidney function, gender, race, income but not education, BMI, evidence of diabetes) influence the dietary sodium-to-blood pressure relationship.
Subject
(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Health Sciences
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Blood pressure
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Sodium
Subject
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Renal circulation
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier
(type = RULIB)
ETD
Identifier
ETD_9471
PhysicalDescription
Form
(authority = gmd)
electronic resource
InternetMediaType
application/pdf
InternetMediaType
text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (342 pages : illustrations)
Note
(type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note
(type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Note
(type = statement of responsibility)
by Linda W. Moore
RelatedItem
(type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
School of Health Professions ETD Collection
Identifier
(type = local)
rucore10007400001
Location
PhysicalLocation
(authority = marcorg);
(displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier
(type = doi)
doi:10.7282/t3-nyhe-zc75
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
Back to the top
Rights
RightsDeclaration
(ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
(type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Moore
GivenName
Linda
MiddleName
W.
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = start)
2019-01-03 07:34:41
AssociatedEntity
Name
Linda Moore
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. School of Health Professions
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
RightsEvent
Type
Embargo
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = start)
2019-01-31
DateTime
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact);
(point = end)
2021-01-30
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after January 30th, 2021.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
Back to the top
Technical
RULTechMD
(ID = TECHNICAL1)
ContentModel
ETD
OperatingSystem
(VERSION = 5.1)
windows xp
CreatingApplication
Version
1.4
DateCreated
(point = end);
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact)
2019-01-04T21:18:49
DateCreated
(point = end);
(encoding = w3cdtf);
(qualifier = exact)
2019-01-06T06:46:30
ApplicationName
Mac OS X 10.13.6 Quartz PDFContext
Back to the top
Statistical Profile