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From tough-on-crime to smart-on-crime: the racial impact of policing felony drug offenses in the 21st century
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Title
From tough-on-crime to smart-on-crime: the racial impact of policing felony drug offenses in the 21st century
Name
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Campbell
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Walter Lee
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1986-
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Walter Lee Campbell II
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author
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II
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Griffiths
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Elizabeth
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Elizabeth Griffiths
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Christian
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Johnna
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Johnna Christian
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Miller
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Joel
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Joel Miller
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Hinkle
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Joshua
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Joshua Hinkle
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Advisory Committee
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outside member
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Rutgers University
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degree grantor
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Graduate School - Newark
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school
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Text
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theses
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2019
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2019-05
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2019
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English
Abstract
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From the 1970s through the early 2000s, the policing of drug crime in America was marked by a “tough on crime” approach. This ethos influenced the ways in which police managed public safety, resulting in the adoption of police paramilitary units (PPUs) and the overuse and misuse of order-maintenance stops and warrants for drug offenses. Yet these units and practices are known to be associated with racialized patterns of policing. Over the past decade, a number of police agencies have transitioned towards a “smart on crime” ethos that rejects the “tough” approach in favor of evidence-based strategies often touted as race-neutral. This ideological shift in policing was especially pronounced in Atlanta, where a PPU was disbanded and replaced with data-driven units after several high-profile incidents of police abuse came to light. One of the consequences of the move to “smart” drug policing, then, should be a conspicuous decline in racial disparities. In this dissertation, I examine whether and how the move from “tough” to “smart” policing styles influences the role of race in the enforcement of felony drug crimes. Using data from the Context of Drug Enforcement project, I explore racialized patterns of policing in both the “tough” (2005) and “smart” (2012) eras; use multilevel models to understand the relationship between specialized units (PPUs and data-driven units) and certain tactics (warrants and order maintenance stops) with race in each era; and estimate fixed effects models to assess how the change in ethos, in specialized units, and in tactics affected racial disparities in drug policing across eras. The findings reveal a complicated story, with Atlanta Police Department’s shift in ethos contributing to changes in some but not all aspects of racialized drug arrest patterns and, even then, only marginally. This is partially a consequence of the minor and nuanced role played by these units and tactics in generating racial disparities in arrests in the first place. While the shift to a “smart on crime” ethos can generate a substantial redirection away from the policing of drug crime more broadly, it may do little to alleviate significant racial disparities in drug arrests.
Subject
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Topic
Policing
Subject
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Topic
Criminal Justice
Subject
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Topic
Discrimination in law enforcement -- Georgia -- Atlanta
Subject
(authority = LCSH)
Topic
Drug abuse and crime -- Georgia -- Atlanta
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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Graduate School - Newark Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10002600001
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ETD_9866
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doi:10.7282/t3-173g-v970
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application/pdf
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text/xml
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1 online resource (xi, 298 pages) : illustrations
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references
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ETD doctoral
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Name
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Campbell
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Walter
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Permission or license
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2019-04-14 17:24:46
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Walter Campbell
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - Newark
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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2019-05-31
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2020-05-30
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Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after May 30th, 2020.
Copyright
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Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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2019-04-27T19:26:30
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