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Evaluating the impact of dietary macronutrient ratios on cardiovascular blood biomarkers

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TitleInfo
Title
Evaluating the impact of dietary macronutrient ratios on cardiovascular blood biomarkers
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Nickless
NamePart (type = given)
Peter
NamePart (type = date)
1975
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Nickless, Peter, 1975-
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB); (type = text)
author
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Srinivasan
NamePart (type = given)
Shankar
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Shankar Srinivasan
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Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
chair
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Gohel
NamePart (type = given)
Suril
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Suril Gohel
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Burke
NamePart (type = given)
Jeanmarie
DisplayForm
Jeanmarie Burke
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
outside member
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
School of Health Professions
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre (authority = marcgt)
theses
OriginInfo
DateCreated (encoding = w3cdtf); (keyDate = yes); (qualifier = exact)
2020
DateOther (qualifier = exact); (type = degree)
2020-05
Language
LanguageTerm (authority = ISO 639-3:2007); (type = text)
English
Abstract (type = abstract)
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States leading to 647,000 deaths in 2017 alone. Not restricted to the United States, cardiovascular disease is also the number one cause of death worldwide accounting for 9 million annual deaths. The prevention of cardiovascular disease presents not only an opportunity to save lives, but also billions of dollars in healthcare costs. Lifestyle modification through diet presents an effective means of reducing the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dietary approaches aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk have focused on the reduction of saturated fat limiting its potential for negatively impacting cardiovascular risk blood parameters. Recent evidence suggests, however, that while reducing saturated fat may be of benefit, the replacement nutrient selected is an equally important consideration. Dietary approaches aimed at replacing saturated fat with mono and polyunsaturated fat have shown promise as a means of improving cardiovascular biomarkers and possibly reducing the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the associations between macronutrient ratios and cardiovascular lipid biomarkers and try to determine the appropriate recommendations for beneficial biomarker outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective correlational analysis used data obtained from the 2005-2016 NHANES dataset. Data included nutritional variables, patient demographic information, and patient laboratory examinations. After cleaning and processing correlational analysis, simple and multivariate regression analysis, and ANOVA testing were performed between the independent nutritional variables and the dependent laboratory variables.

Results: There were a total of 20,007 cases to be considered from the data set. 3089 samples met the inclusion criteria for further consideration. Statistically significant correlations were noted between the percent of the polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio and total cholesterol (r=-.055), LDL cholesterol (r=-.038), HDL cholesterol (r=.043), triglycerides (r=-.08), apolipoprotein B (r=-.065), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (r=-.08). Statistically significant correlations were noted between the percent of carbohydrate consumption and total cholesterol (r=-.045), HDL cholesterol (r=-.10), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (r=.04). Statistically significant correlations were noted between the percent of sugar consumption and HDL cholesterol (r=-.11), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (r=.074). Statistically significant correlations were noted between the percent of fiber consumption and HDL cholesterol (r=.061), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (r=-.059). Statistically significant correlations were noted between the carbohydrate to total fat consumption and HDL cholesterol (r=-.070), triglycerides (r=.041), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (r=.044). ANOVA analysis showed a statistically significant impact of differing ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids and total cholesterol (p=.0076), triglycerides (p=.0002), apolipoprotein B (p=.0042), and the total cholesterol to HDL ratio (p=.0005). Statistically significance was seen between the impact of differing ratios of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids and triglycerides (p=.0015). Significant impact of differing ratios of carbohydrate to total fat and HDL cholesterol (p=.0035). Statistically significant impact of differing dietary fat concentrations HDL cholesterol (p<.0001).

Conclusions: Some, but not all, of the ratios suggested by this study were consistent with the expectations following the review of literature. No significant relationship exists between saturated fat and cardiovascular biomarker data. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat showed a relationship with positive cardiovascular biomarker outcomes. Diets should follow a >1.0 polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio. There is a small inverse relationship between the ratio of monounsaturated fat to saturated fat and diet should be kept to a < 2.0 ratio. The ratio of carbohydrate consumption to saturated fat shows a small positive correlation. The ratio of carbohydrate to total fat shows a strong association between higher ratios and negative biomarker data. A diet should be less than a 1.5 ratio of carbohydrate to total fat and contain 45% or less of its calories from carbohydrates. Differences between biomarker outcome data and individual fatty acids suggest that food choice needs to consider specific fatty acid makeup.
Subject (authority = local)
Topic
Cardiovascular disease
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Biomedical Informatics
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
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TitleInfo
Title
School of Health Professions ETD Collection
Identifier (type = local)
rucore10007400001
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ETD_10628
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/t3-qdjn-xs48
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (vii, 138 pages)
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights

RightsDeclaration (ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Nickless
GivenName
Peter
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (point = start)
2020-03-18 19:22:00
AssociatedEntity
Name
Peter Nickless
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. School of Health Professions
AssociatedObject
Type
License
Name
Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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2020-03-19T11:09:01
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