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The effect of alcohol on genetically modified exosome deposition in the hypothalamus
Descriptive
TitleInfo
Title
The effect of alcohol on genetically modified exosome deposition in the hypothalamus
Name
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Ramos
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Brigette
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1993-
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Brigette Ramos
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author
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Dipak Sarkar
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Mckinnon
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Randall
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Randall Mckinnon
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Alder
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Janet
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Janet Alder
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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D'rcangelo
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Gabriella
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Gabriella D'rcangelo
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Rutgers University
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(authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
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School of Graduate Studies
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school
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Text
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theses
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2020
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2020-05
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2020
Language
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English
Abstract
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition, particularly found in children, characterized by damage to the central nervous system as a result of alcohol exposure during a woman’s pregnancy (Wilhoit et al., 2017). Areas of the brain that are affected include the hippocampus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and hypothalamus. Once exposed to alcohol, the production of Beta-endorphins (βEP), a neuronal peptide involved in inhibiting stress in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, is reduced (Sprouse-Blum et al., 2010). On the other hand, there are cells, such as microglia, that can be stimulated during alcohol exposure. Microglia perform several essential functions in the brain, such as a role in neuroinflammation, regulation of brain development, and work as CNS macrophages (Colonna et al., 2017). Microglia are also capable of releasing exosomes, small membrane vesicles involved in neuronal communication and immune functions, including adaptive and innate immune responses (Fruhbeis et al., 2012).
Using a rat animal model, our overall objective revolved around how exosomes, derived from genetically modified microglial cells, could be introduced through the periphery to influence βEP and glial interaction in the brain, and whether transportation of these exosomes could be altered by alcohol administration. We observed that the exosomes successfully passed through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and were able to deposit into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. There was an increase in exosome deposition and a reduction in βEP neurons in alcohol treated rats, in comparison to the control or non-treated animal models. However, the exosomes displayed an inability to colocalize within the βEP neurons in both alcohol and non-treated animals. Therefore, we found that genetically modified exosomes can bypass the BBB and travel into the brain to localize into the hypothalamic arcuate area, more so through alcohol administration, and affect glial and βEP communication. Further research in observing where the exosomes are colocalizing is essential in finding what other roles the exosomes are involved in.
Using a rat animal model, our overall objective revolved around how exosomes, derived from genetically modified microglial cells, could be introduced through the periphery to influence βEP and glial interaction in the brain, and whether transportation of these exosomes could be altered by alcohol administration. We observed that the exosomes successfully passed through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and were able to deposit into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. There was an increase in exosome deposition and a reduction in βEP neurons in alcohol treated rats, in comparison to the control or non-treated animal models. However, the exosomes displayed an inability to colocalize within the βEP neurons in both alcohol and non-treated animals. Therefore, we found that genetically modified exosomes can bypass the BBB and travel into the brain to localize into the hypothalamic arcuate area, more so through alcohol administration, and affect glial and βEP communication. Further research in observing where the exosomes are colocalizing is essential in finding what other roles the exosomes are involved in.
Subject
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Topic
Exosome
Subject
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Topic
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Subject
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Topic
Physiology and Integrative Biology
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD_10925
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1 online resource (ix, 27 pages) : illustrations
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M.S.
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Includes bibliographical references
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School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10001600001
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NjNbRU
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doi:10.7282/t3-q0x3-1056
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD graduate
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Rights
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder
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Name
FamilyName
Ramos
GivenName
Brigette
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Permission or license
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2020-05-01 22:42:32
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Brigette Ramos
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Rutgers University. School of Graduate Studies
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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Embargo
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2020-05-31
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2020-11-30
Detail
Access to this PDF has been restricted at the author's request. It will be publicly available after November 30th, 2020.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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