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Examining the automaticity of a lay theory of generalized prejudice: vigilance facilitates social distancing for white women in STEM contexts

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TitleInfo
Title
Examining the automaticity of a lay theory of generalized prejudice: vigilance facilitates social distancing for white women in STEM contexts
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Chaney
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Kimberly Ellen
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1992-
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Kimberly Ellen Chaney
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RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
author
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Sanchez
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Diana T
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Diana T Sanchez
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Cole
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Shana L
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Shana L Cole
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Wilder
NamePart (type = given)
David
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David Wilder
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Advisory Committee
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RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Remedios
NamePart (type = given)
Jessica D
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Jessica D Remedios
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
Role
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outside member
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
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NamePart
School of Graduate Studies
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school
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Text
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theses
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2020
DateOther (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (type = degree)
2020-05
Place
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New Brunswick, NJ
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Language
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English
Abstract (type = abstract)
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) contexts are often imbued with identity threat cues for women, cues that signal that women may be devalued or stigmatized by others, leading to women’s decreased performance and disengagement from STEM fields. Research on the vigilance-avoidance hypothesis suggests that individuals rapidly detect threat cues and subsequently avoid detected threats to mitigate experiencing the negative implications associated with the threat. Moreover, past research has demonstrated that individuals endorse a lay theory of generalized prejudice, such that White women perceive racism and sexism occurring, resulting in anticipated sexism from a racist evaluator, termed identity cue transfer. As such, the pool of potential threat cues for women in STEM may be broader than previously theorized. Integrating these three lines of research, this dissertation explored the effect of identity cue transfer on White women’s vigilance to sexism and rejection cues in STEM and evaluative settings, including the effect of vigilance on avoidance, measured via social distancing, and working memory. In Studies 1-2, White women demonstrated greater preconscious attentional bias to sexism and rejection cues when anticipating an evaluation by a racist or a sexist White man, and when imagining enrolling in a STEM course with a racist or sexist White male professor, compared to a White man or professor whose intergroup attitudes were unknown. In Studies 3-4, White women demonstrated less preconscious attentional bias to sexism and rejection cues when anticipating completing an intelligence measure developed by a Black man or White woman or enrolling in a course with a Black male or White female STEM professor, compared to a White male. Moreover, in Studies 2-4, greater preconscious attentional bias to sexism and rejection led to greater social distancing. Lastly, Study 5 demonstrated that White women had greater working memory when completing a task ostensibly developed by a Black man or White woman compared to a White man. Together, the present studies 1) identified vigilance as a novel, automatic process by which identity cues are associated with avoidance and cognitive performance for women in STEM contexts, and 2) demonstrate the automaticity of a lay theory of generalized prejudice by providing the first evidence of a cognitive overlap, or shared network, of beliefs about racism and sexism at the preconscious level.
Subject (authority = local)
Topic
Stigma
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Psychology
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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ETD_10599
PhysicalDescription
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (xi, 109 pages) : illustrations
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
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Citation
Place
Oxfordshire
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Publisher
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Oxford University Press
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School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10001600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/t3-067c-2e33
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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Rights

RightsDeclaration (ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Chaney
GivenName
Kimberly
Role
Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (point = start)
2020-03-27 12:47:57
AssociatedEntity
Name
Kimberly Chaney
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. School of Graduate Studies
AssociatedObject
Type
License
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Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
Reason
Permission or license
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2020-03-27T12:46:38
DateCreated (point = end); (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact)
2020-03-27T12:46:38
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