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Insects as sources of protein and long-chain fatty acids for entomophagy

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Title
Insects as sources of protein and long-chain fatty acids for entomophagy
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Rudin
NamePart (type = given)
Alexander N.
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Alexander N. Rudin
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author
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Brattsten
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Lena L
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Lena L Brattsten
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Wang
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Changlu
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Changlu Wang
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Carle
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Franke L
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Franke L Carle
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
Name (type = personal)
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Dixon
NamePart (type = given)
Joseph L
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Joseph L Dixon
Affiliation
Advisory Committee
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outside member
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NamePart
Rutgers University
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
degree grantor
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
School of Graduate Studies
Role
RoleTerm (authority = RULIB)
school
TypeOfResource
Text
Genre (authority = marcgt)
theses
Genre (authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD graduate
OriginInfo
DateCreated (qualifier = exact); (encoding = w3cdtf); (keyDate = yes)
2021
DateOther (type = degree); (qualifier = exact); (encoding = w3cdtf)
2021-01
CopyrightDate (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact)
2021
Language
LanguageTerm (authority = ISO 639-3:2007); (type = text)
English
Abstract (type = abstract)
Current sources of protein and omega-3 fatty acids have become unsustainable. Livestock and farmed fish are fed unnatural diets in order to increase productivity and cut costs. This causes health problems for the animals and decreases the nutritional value of their meat. Meat from factory farms contains high concentrations of the omega-6, linoleic acid (LA) while lacking the omega-3, α-linolenic (ALA) acid. Aquaculture fish have less protein than wild-caught fish. Eating a diet with a high ratio of LA to ALA contributes to obesity and cardiovascular disease. Farming insects for entomophagy can be more cost effective than farming livestock or fish because insects require less water, feed, and space, have a much smaller carbon footprint and produce far less waste.The objective of this study is to determine which local insect species have the highest concentrations of protein and beneficial long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) along with the most balanced ratios of LCFAs. I compared the protein and long-chain fatty acid concentrations of six terrestrial insect species; Acheta domesticus (L.), Tenebrio mollitor (L.), Hermetia illucens (L.)., Reticulitermes flavipes (L.), Dissosteira carolina (L.), and Diestrammena japanica (Blatchley), and 4 aquatic insect species; Acroneuria abnormis (Newman), Rhyacophila carolina (Banks), Hydropsyche betteni (Ross), Brachycentrus numerous (Say) Say, to those of three ground beef samples; grain-fed, grass-fed, and grass-finished beef and four commercial fish samples; farm-raised and wild-caught Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.) and wild-caught European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (L.), and Pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax (Jenyns). The 10 insect species evaluated represented insects of different natural diet, habitat, and insect phylogenetic positions. While this research is exploratory in nature, working hypotheses based on existing research are as follows: First; Termites eaten in Africa have very high protein concentrations; therefore the local species of termites, Reticulitermes flavipes is likely to also be high in protein. Second, Camel crickets can jump much higher than A. domesticus; therefore, the Japanese camel cricket, D. japanica is likely to have a higher protein concentration than A. domesticus due to larger and stronger muscles. Third; Graminivore insects such as the Carolina grasshopper, D. carolina are likely to have high concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and a balanced ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids based on the comparison of beef raised on grass-only diets compared to beef rose on grain and soy diets. Fourth; Grasshoppers consume far more relative to their total body mass compared to cows; therefore D. carolina will likely have a similar ratio of LA to ALA to grass-finished beef, but with significantly higher concentrations of both fatty acids Fifth; Aquatic insects frequently consumed by oily fish are likely to have high concentrations of beneficial long-chain fatty acids. Sixth; Insects frequently consumed by fish are likely to have higher concentrations of protein than consumers. Seventh; Aquatic insects are likely to have balanced ratios of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids compared to non-graminivore terrestrial insects.The results of this study have supportive of all seven working hypotheses. This study has shown that insects have the potential to be major sources of protein and beneficial LCFAs.
Subject (authority = local)
Topic
Animal farming issues
Subject (authority = LCSH)
Topic
Edible insects
Subject (authority = RUETD)
Topic
Entomology
RelatedItem (type = host)
TitleInfo
Title
Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = RULIB)
ETD
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ETD_11461
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Extent
1 online resource (x, 49 pages) : illustrations
Note (type = degree)
M.S.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
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TitleInfo
Title
School of Graduate Studies Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifier (type = local)
rucore10001600001
Location
PhysicalLocation (authority = marcorg); (displayLabel = Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)
NjNbRU
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/t3-z5nk-q795
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RightsDeclaration (ID = rulibRdec0006)
The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Rudin
GivenName
Alexander
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Copyright Holder
RightsEvent
Type
Permission or license
DateTime (encoding = w3cdtf); (qualifier = exact); (point = start)
2021-01-06 17:52:48
AssociatedEntity
Name
Alexander Rudin
Role
Copyright holder
Affiliation
Rutgers University. School of Graduate Studies
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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Copyright protected
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Status
Open
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Permission or license
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2021-01-08T13:20:33
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2021-01-08T13:20:33
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