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Caulobacter crescentus: the genetic mechanisms governing the lipidome, metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis

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TitleInfo
Title
Caulobacter crescentus: the genetic mechanisms governing the lipidome, metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Stankeviciute
NamePart (type = given)
Gabriele
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1994
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Gabriele Stankeviciute
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author
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Klein
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Eric A.
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Eric A. Klein
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Advisory Committee
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chair
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Brannigan
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Grace
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Grace Brannigan
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
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Shain
NamePart (type = given)
Daniel H.
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Daniel H. Shain
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Advisory Committee
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internal member
Name (type = personal)
NamePart (type = family)
Huang
NamePart (type = given)
Kerwyn Casey
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Kerwyn Casey Huang
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Advisory Committee
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outside member
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Rutgers University
Role
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degree grantor
Name (type = corporate)
NamePart
Camden Graduate School
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school
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theses
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2021
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2021-01
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English
Abstract
Despite extensive studies that have been done to understand the regulation of ‘prototypical’ cell morphologies, like the classical rod-shaped E. coli, the regulation of the vast majority of unique, non-symmetric cell shapes remains poorly characterized. Certain bacterial species form thin cellular appendages called stalks or ‘prosthecae’ which are at times used for reproduction, adhesion and other purposes. The Alphaproteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus changes its cell body and stalk length in response to phosphate starvation. The following work uses this model organism to illustrate the molecular underpinnings that enable the organism to adapt to stress by changing its cell length and cellular chemical composition via the remodeling of the cell wall, lipid membranes and overall cellular metabolism.

The stalk cell wall was shown to be distinct due to its ability to evade lysozyme degradation and peptidoglycan protein binding. These observations implied that the stalk’s chemical composition and/or the peptidoglycan geometric configuration leads to the lack of digestion and PG recognition. The stalk PG was found to be crosslinked with LD-transpeptidation as opposed to the more common DD-transpeptidation, this was identified to be mediated predominantly by the LD-transpeptidase LtdD. Consistent with the results seen in Caulobacter, lysozyme resistance was found in other species with peptidoglycan enriched with LD-crosslinks.

During phosphate starvation, a considerable increase in lipid demand occurs as lipid membranes expand due to the stalk elongation. We characterized the increase in the production of non-phosphate derived lipids that are made in order to compensate for that increased demand and found that various anionic glycolipids are largely increased to replace the negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol. In the MS analysis we found a novel lipid species, diglycosylated ceramide (HexHexA-Cer) and identified the entire biosynthesis pathway of this unique lipid. We established that in the absence of ceramide, Caulobacter becomes resistant to the antibiotics polymyxin B and more sensitive to killing by bacteriophage Cr30. Using these two fitness phenotypes we were able to develop a two-step screening method to identify genes responsible for ceramide synthesis. Using our genetic screen, we showed this pathway is widespread throughout bacteria and evolved independently of the eukaryotic ceramide synthesis pathway.
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Computational and Integrative Biology
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD_11360
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application/pdf
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text/xml
Note
Supplementary File: Supplementary Figure 1
Extent
1 online resource (ix, 171 pages)
Note (type = degree)
Ph.D.
Note (type = bibliography)
Includes bibliographical references
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ETD doctoral
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Camden Graduate School Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore10005600001
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NjNbRU
Identifier (type = doi)
doi:10.7282/t3-8wpw-7375
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
RightsHolder (type = personal)
Name
FamilyName
Stankeviciute
GivenName
Gabriele
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Copyright Holder
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Type
Permission or license
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2020-12-19 12:18:12
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Name
Gabriele Stankeviciute
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Affiliation
Rutgers University. Camden Graduate School
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Author Agreement License
Detail
I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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2021-01-31
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2099-12-31
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Access to this PDF has been permanently restricted at the author's request.
Copyright
Status
Copyright protected
Availability
Status
Open
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Permission or license
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