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Evolution, pollination biology, and biogeography of the grape relative Leea (Leeaceae, vitales)
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Text
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Title
Evolution, pollination biology, and biogeography of the grape relative Leea (Leeaceae, vitales)
SubTitle
PartName
PartNumber
NonSort
Identifier
ETD_1489
Identifier
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051053
Language
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eng
Genre
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theses
Subject
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(authority = RUETD)
Topic
Ecology and Evolution
Subject
(ID = SBJ-2);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Vitaceae
Subject
(ID = SBJ-3);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Grapes
Subject
(ID = SBJ-4);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Plants--Classification
Subject
(ID = SBJ-5);
(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Plant morphology
Abstract
Leea D. Royen ex L. is the sole member of the tropical family Leeaceae, which is closely related to the economically important grape family, Vitaceae. Both comprise the order Vitales. In spite of its affinity with the grape family, Leea's molecular systematics has remained unexplored. This study presents the first phylogeny (chapter 1) of Leeaceae using molecular markers to provide an evolutionary framework to understand its taxonomy, morphological evolution (chapter 2), ecology (chapter 3), and biogeography (chapter 4). Ridsdale (1974, 1976) estimated that there are 34 Leea species inhabiting the tropics of Africa and Asia. DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the 5S non-transcribed spacer (NTS) were extracted and amplified from leaf material of 22 species, representing the morphological and geographical diversity of Leea. The ITS secondary structure for the type species, L. aequata L., facilitated homology assessments in ITS sequence alignments, while 5S-NTS data helped resolve terminal relationships. The concatenated matrix was used to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times and generate the topology for ancestral area reconstructions. Area optimization was also
performed on the Vitales topology estimated from previously published sequences to locate the geographic origin of Leeaceae, but either an out-of-Asia (i.e. Indochina) or out-of-India origin was inferred possible. The molecular phylogeny recovered four major clades, with the Indian/Indochinese L. asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (clade I) diverging 65.5 mya from the rest of the family. Its primitive trait of free stamens supports its position as the earliest-diverging clade. Clades II, III, and IV form a monophyletic group that had evolved in the Eocene (50.8 mya) in Indochina and/or West Malesia and exhibit the derived feature of fused stamens. Clade II, the spine-bearing species, is sister to Clade III, whose species have large flowers. Clade IV, which is unique in having multi-pinnate leaves and small stipules, evolved by the end of the Oligocene (25.6 mya) and comprise the polyphyletic 'species' (sensu Ridsdale) L. guineensis G. Don and L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr. nested among other morphologically discernible species. The radiation of Leea species mostly occurred in the Neogene (1.8-23.0 mya) during a time of dynamic geological and environmental changes in Southeast Asia. Africa and Australia were also colonized by Neogene dispersals of Asian Leea. Current species circumscriptions of L. guineensis and L. indica underestimate the genetic diversity of the genus and need to be revised. An updated checklist of 47 species reflecting clades recovered by the molecular phylogeny is presented including resurrected and putative new species. Field studies of three sympatric Philippine Leea morphospecies have revealed that habit and ecology must be considered in species circumscriptions.
performed on the Vitales topology estimated from previously published sequences to locate the geographic origin of Leeaceae, but either an out-of-Asia (i.e. Indochina) or out-of-India origin was inferred possible. The molecular phylogeny recovered four major clades, with the Indian/Indochinese L. asiatica (L.) Ridsdale (clade I) diverging 65.5 mya from the rest of the family. Its primitive trait of free stamens supports its position as the earliest-diverging clade. Clades II, III, and IV form a monophyletic group that had evolved in the Eocene (50.8 mya) in Indochina and/or West Malesia and exhibit the derived feature of fused stamens. Clade II, the spine-bearing species, is sister to Clade III, whose species have large flowers. Clade IV, which is unique in having multi-pinnate leaves and small stipules, evolved by the end of the Oligocene (25.6 mya) and comprise the polyphyletic 'species' (sensu Ridsdale) L. guineensis G. Don and L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr. nested among other morphologically discernible species. The radiation of Leea species mostly occurred in the Neogene (1.8-23.0 mya) during a time of dynamic geological and environmental changes in Southeast Asia. Africa and Australia were also colonized by Neogene dispersals of Asian Leea. Current species circumscriptions of L. guineensis and L. indica underestimate the genetic diversity of the genus and need to be revised. An updated checklist of 47 species reflecting clades recovered by the molecular phylogeny is presented including resurrected and putative new species. Field studies of three sympatric Philippine Leea morphospecies have revealed that habit and ecology must be considered in species circumscriptions.
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electronic resource
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ix, 109 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-107)
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by Jeanmaire E. Molina
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Molina
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Jeanmaire E.
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Jeanmaire E. Molina
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Struwe
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Lena
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chair
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Lena Struwe
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Kjer
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Karl
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Advisory Committee
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Karl Kjer
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Handel
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Steven
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Advisory Committee
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Steven Handel
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Wen
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Jun
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outside member
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Advisory Committee
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Jun Wen
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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school
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2009
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2009-01
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NjNbRU
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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ETD
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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rucore19991600001
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doi:10.7282/T3Z31ZV0
Genre
(authority = ExL-Esploro)
ETD doctoral
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The author owns the copyright to this work.
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Copyright protected
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Open
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Non-exclusive ETD license
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Author Agreement License
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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6922240
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