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Geochemistry of Southeastern Nicaragua lavas and mantle xenoliths from Cerro Mercedes, Costa Rica
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Geochemistry of Southeastern Nicaragua lavas and mantle xenoliths from Cerro Mercedes, Costa Rica
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ETD_1915
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http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051863
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eng
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theses
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Geological Sciences
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Lava--Nicaragua--Analysis
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Lava--Costa Rica--Analysis
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
Topic
Geochemistry--Nicaragua
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(authority = ETD-LCSH)
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Geochemistry--Costa Rica
Abstract
Lavas from southeastern Nicaragua were geochemically analyzed, including several from a volcano never before sampled, in order to better understand the relationship between the chemistry of the lavas and the physical parameters of the Central American arc, which include depth to the slab, distance from the trench, slab dip and the age of the downgoing slab. The analyses were done by x-ray fluorescence, by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The results show that the abundance of high-field strength elements in the lavas is particularly influenced by the depth to the slab underlying a volcano and the distance of the volcano from the trench. Additionally, the results show that decompression melting is an important process in the generation of these lavas.
The chemistry of mantle xenoliths from Cerro Mercedes, Costa Rica, were studied to elucidate the compositional and physical state of the mantle wedge underlying Central American. The composition of the mantle wedge is clarified through analyses of the whole rock; information about the physical state of the mantle is obtained from analyses of the minerals that constitute the xenoliths. The analytical methods used for the whole rock chemistry were x-ray fluorescence and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Electron probe microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy were used to analyze the minerals. Results show that the mantle wedge composition is predominantly peridotite (~65% modal olivine) that has experienced variable degrees of modification by melt- and fluid- rock reactions, with pockets of cumulate pyroxenite. Although the majority of the peridotites are multi-phase residues, one sample, CM52, may be a first-stage residue. The xenoliths are spinel facies rocks, which correspond to pressures between 1 – 2.5 GPa, and have equilibrium temperatures ranging from 860°C – 1030°C at 1 GPa, which place them between 30km and 85km within the mantle. The potential temperature of the system, based on whole rock major oxide modeling, is 1580°C. Estimated values for the oxidation state of the mantle range from ΔƒO2FMQ +0.9 - ΔƒO2FMQ +3.25 for the peridotites and up to ΔƒO2FMQ +4.05 for the pyroxenites.
The chemistry of mantle xenoliths from Cerro Mercedes, Costa Rica, were studied to elucidate the compositional and physical state of the mantle wedge underlying Central American. The composition of the mantle wedge is clarified through analyses of the whole rock; information about the physical state of the mantle is obtained from analyses of the minerals that constitute the xenoliths. The analytical methods used for the whole rock chemistry were x-ray fluorescence and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Electron probe microscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy were used to analyze the minerals. Results show that the mantle wedge composition is predominantly peridotite (~65% modal olivine) that has experienced variable degrees of modification by melt- and fluid- rock reactions, with pockets of cumulate pyroxenite. Although the majority of the peridotites are multi-phase residues, one sample, CM52, may be a first-stage residue. The xenoliths are spinel facies rocks, which correspond to pressures between 1 – 2.5 GPa, and have equilibrium temperatures ranging from 860°C – 1030°C at 1 GPa, which place them between 30km and 85km within the mantle. The potential temperature of the system, based on whole rock major oxide modeling, is 1580°C. Estimated values for the oxidation state of the mantle range from ΔƒO2FMQ +0.9 - ΔƒO2FMQ +3.25 for the peridotites and up to ΔƒO2FMQ +4.05 for the pyroxenites.
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electronic resource
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xiii, 289 p. : ill.
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Ph.D.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-287)
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by Fara N. Lindsay
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Lindsay
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Fara N.
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1961-
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Fara N. Lindsay
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Carr
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Michael
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chair
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Michael J Carr
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Feigenson
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Mark
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Mark D Feigenson
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Herzberg
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Claude
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Claude T Herzberg
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Lina
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Lina C Patino
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Rutgers University
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Graduate School - New Brunswick
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2009
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2009-10
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xx
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Rutgers University Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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Graduate School - New Brunswick Electronic Theses and Dissertations
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doi:10.7282/T3JM29S2
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ETD doctoral
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Open
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Lindsay
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Fara
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Fara Lindsay
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Rutgers University. Graduate School - New Brunswick
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I hereby grant to the Rutgers University Libraries and to my school the non-exclusive right to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis or dissertation, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part, in and from an electronic format, subject to the release date subsequently stipulated in this submittal form and approved by my school. I represent and stipulate that the thesis or dissertation and its abstract are my original work, that they do not infringe or violate any rights of others, and that I make these grants as the sole owner of the rights to my thesis or dissertation and its abstract. I represent that I have obtained written permissions, when necessary, from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis or dissertation and will supply copies of such upon request by my school. I acknowledge that RU ETD and my school will not distribute my thesis or dissertation or its abstract if, in their reasonable judgment, they believe all such rights have not been secured. I acknowledge that I retain ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use all or part of this thesis or dissertation in future works, such as articles or books.
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