DescriptionPast research found a link between men’s body shame and their willingness to engage in sexual aggression (Rudman & Mescher, 2010). Further, men who have been bullied (e.g., teased about their sexuality) are more likely to report body shame (Shelton & Liljequist, 2002). The present research tests a causal relationship between rejecting men for homosexuality and sexual aggression. Participants were rejected either for a sexual reason (accused of being gay), for no reason, or they were not rejected (controls) by either a male or female phantom confederate. I predicted that men accused of being gay would show more hostility toward women and female rape victims, and score higher on measures of sexual aggression, compared with the remaining two groups. I expected this pattern to be moderated by men’s body shame and their negative affect in response to rejection. That is, men high on body shame or who reacted negatively to being accused of being gay should be especially likely to retaliate against women. Results demonstrated that men rejected by a female confederate for being gay who were both high on body shame and upset by the manipulation responded with increased sexual aggression, including scoring higher on a behavioral measure of rape (i.e., a rape analogue).